Genus Chindongo

Chindongo sp. "Burrower"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size4 in10 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardness (GH)very hardup to 446 ppm
Depth7–49 ft2–15 m
DietAlgae/Aufwuchs grazer, rasping filamentous algae and associated invertebrates from rock; likely also forages at the rock-sand margin
Breedingmaternal mouthbroodernot documented for this form; expected modest (genus-typical, a few dozen eggs)
Sexual dimorphismYesNot documented in detail for this form; genus-typical sexual dichromatism, with males colouring more intensely, is expected.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardnessvery hardup to 446 ppm

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium75-gallon48 × 18 × 21 in · 75 gal (284 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Chindongo sp. "Burrower" is an undescribed mbuna cichlid from the southern-central shore of Lake Malawi, recorded at Chidunga Rocks and Nakantenga Island. It has no formal scientific name. The trade tag refers to shelter behaviour — this population is reported to make heavier use of excavated holes and burrows at the interface of rock and sand than is typical for the genus, rather than relying solely on natural rock crevices for cover. It belongs to Chindongo, the group of small rock-dwelling algae grazers that Ad Konings split from Pseudotropheus in 2016, and it is one of several locality forms in that group still awaiting formal description.

What's in the name

Chindongo sp. "Burrower"chin-DON-goh, form "BUR-oh-er"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Chindongo
  • Chindongoothera genus name coined by Ad Konings (2016) for a group of rock-dwelling Lake Malawi cichlids split from Pseudotropheus; its exact derivation was not explained in detail in the original description
"Burrower"
  • Burrowerinformal (English)for a shelter-digging habit reported at the rock-sand margin. As an undescribed form it has no formal species name.

Taxonomy & naming

Chindongo sp. "Burrower" is not a formally described species. It carries no describing author, no year of publication, and no entry in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes, since no taxonomist has published a description of it. The placeholder name follows the standard convention for undescribed Lake Malawi mbuna: the genus Chindongo, the qualifier "sp." marking undescribed status, and a descriptive trade name in quotes — here "Burrower," referring to a shelter-digging habit reported for this population. It is recognised through field and aquarium literature, chiefly the work of Ad Konings, who erected Chindongo in 2016 for a group of species previously placed in Pseudotropheus and Metriaclima. Its placement in Chindongo rather than a sand-dwelling genus reflects its general body plan and habitat association with rock rather than open sand; the burrowing behaviour is a shelter strategy at the rock-sand edge, not evidence of a different feeding guild. Until formally described, no authority or date should be attached to it.

Morphology

This is a small to medium mbuna built on the standard Chindongo plan: a laterally compressed, moderately robust body with the blunt head and comb-like teeth typical of algae-grazing rock cichlids. Genus-typical size runs roughly 3–4 in total length. Coloration for this specific form has not been documented in detail in the literature available to this account, so it should not be guessed at; body proportions and dentition are expected to match the genus norm rather than the narrower, more elongate build of the separate elongatus group within Chindongo. As with other undescribed Chindongo, males are expected to carry the egg-spot markings on the anal fin used in courtship. No formally published character separates this form from its relatives; identification currently rests on collection locality and the reported burrowing behaviour.

Habitat

Chindongo sp. "Burrower" is documented from Chidunga Rocks and Nakantenga Island, both in the southern-central section of Lake Malawi in the broader Cape Maclear region. Its habitat is the transitional zone where boulder fields meet sandy substrate — a common setting in this part of the lake, where isolated rock outcrops rise from open sand. Rather than relying purely on natural crevices in solid rock, this population is reported to excavate or occupy burrows at that rock-sand margin, a shelter strategy shared in varying degrees by several sand-adjacent mbuna. Water conditions follow the lake-wide standard: warm, hard, and strongly alkaline. Its range beyond the two documented sites is not established.

Feeding

As a member of the Chindongo assemblage, this form is expected to feed principally by grazing algae, or Aufwuchs, from rock surfaces, using its comb-like teeth to rasp filamentous algae, diatoms, and small associated invertebrates. Because it also uses burrows at the rock-sand interface, it may forage opportunistically at the sand margin as well as on rock proper, though this has not been documented in detail for this specific population. No feeding study specific to this form has been published; this account follows the well-documented genus pattern rather than direct observation.

Mating

Chindongo sp. "Burrower" is expected to follow the polygynous, lek-like mating system typical of Lake Malawi mbuna, with no pair bond. Males are expected to establish and defend small territories, likely centred on or near the burrows that give the form its trade name, displaying to attract passing females while excluding rival males. Females move between territories and select a courting male before spawning at his site. No courtship study specific to this population has been published; this account is inferred from the well-documented mating system shared across Chindongo and the wider mbuna assemblage.

Breeding

Like all Chindongo, this form is a maternal mouthbrooder. After spawning, the female collects the eggs in her mouth; contact with the egg-spot markings on the male's anal fin, as she attempts to gather what appear to be additional eggs, triggers fertilisation of the clutch already held in her buccal cavity. She broods the eggs and larvae for roughly three to four weeks, feeding little during that period, before releasing free-swimming fry capable of independent feeding. There is no paternal or biparental care beyond this. If the burrow reported in this form's trade name doubles as a spawning shelter, that would be consistent with the sheltered spawning sites many mbuna favour, though this has not been specifically documented. Clutch size has not been recorded for this form but is expected to be modest, in line with similarly sized Chindongo.

In the aquarium

Chindongo sp. "Burrower" appears in the trade as a locality mbuna whose reported shelter habits are worth accommodating directly. Keepers should provide a mixed substrate and rockwork setup rather than rock alone.

A fine sand layer at least several centimetres deep, placed against and beneath rockwork so the fish can dig at the rock-sand margin, better matches its reported natural behaviour than rock piled directly on a bare tank bottom. A footprint of at least 47 in gives adequate territory space, stocked as one male with several females to spread aggression, which — while not flagged in this form's name the way it is in some Chindongo — is still to be expected given the genus's generally territorial nature. Water should follow the Lake Malawi standard: warm, hard, and alkaline, with regular partial water changes to keep nitrate low. Diet should lean vegetable-forward — a quality spirulina-based flake or pellet as staple, supplemented occasionally with blanched vegetables — since high-fat, high-protein diets predispose mbuna to bloat.

Conservation

Chindongo sp. "Burrower" has not been evaluated by the IUCN. As an undescribed form without a published scientific name, it has no Red List status of any kind — a statement about its taxonomic situation, not about its wild population safety. As a locality-restricted southern-lake mbuna, it faces the general pressures affecting Lake Malawi's rocky-shore cichlid fauna: ornamental collection, inshore habitat disturbance, and sediment runoff from the surrounding catchment. Its presence within the broader Lake Malawi National Park area likely affords it some incidental protection, though this has not been documented specifically for the form. It should be described as unassessed rather than assigned any inferred status.

In a guide: Lake Malawi mbuna

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Chindongo species and locality-form database (Konings-based; distribution, biotope)
  2. Cichlid Room Companion — Chindongo genus and mbuna taxonomy (Ad Konings, curator)
  3. Konings, A. — Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat (Cichlid Press; foremost Malawi field authority)

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Chindongo sp. "Burrower". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/chindongo-sp-burrower/

Where it has been recorded

2 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 2
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