Acanthobunocephalus is a genus of banjo catfish (family Aspredinidae) from the Amazon basin of Brazil and Venezuela, and it is remarkable mainly for its size: the 2 species in the atlas measure only about 1 in, making this one of the smallest catfish genera known. Like other banjo catfish, its members have the flattened head and body with a long, slender tapering tail that gives the family its common name, an adaptation for lying camouflaged against sand and leaf litter on the riverbed.
This is a genus of scientific rather than aquarium interest - its diminutive size and specialist habitat mean it has essentially no presence in the hobby, and detailed behavioural or husbandry information stays sparse. Between the 2 species, the IUCN tally runs 1 Least Concern and 1 Vulnerable, a combination that reflects how a small, poorly surveyed genus like this can carry real extinction risk for individual species even while overall data remain limited.