Amaralia is a small genus of banjo catfish in family Aspredinidae, named for the flattened, guitar-shaped body and long tapering tail that give the whole family its common name. The atlas covers 2 species, 4–5 in as adults, found in river systems of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. Like other banjo catfish, Amaralia species are bottom-dwellers with a depressed head, small eyes, and mottled camouflage suited to lying motionless against sand or leaf litter rather than swimming in open water.
Amaralia oviraptor's species name references egg-related behavior, though detailed breeding accounts for the genus itself are sparse; several other genera within Aspredinidae are known for carrying fertilized eggs attached to the skin of the belly, an unusual form of parental care within catfish generally. Neither Amaralia species has an established place in the mainstream aquarium hobby - both are traded only occasionally, if at all, among catfish specialists. One atlas species is Not Evaluated and the other Least Concern, with no documented conservation concern at this time.