Cynodon

Cynodon is a genus with 3 species in this atlas, catalogued in the Piranhas & Pacus section, recorded from Brazil, Guyana, Colombia and 4 more countries. Adult sizes run from 12 in to 12.5 in. Every species below links to a full researched profile.

Species in atlas
3
Adult sizes
12–12.5 in
IUCN assessed
3 of 3
Recorded from
7 countries

About the genus

Cynodon is a genus of predatory characin in the dogtooth-tetra family Cynodontidae, close relatives of the much larger payara (Hydrolycus) and of Rhaphiodon. The atlas's 3 species (C. gibbus, C. meionactis, C. septenarius) reach 12–12.5 in and are distributed across the Amazon, Orinoco and Guiana Shield river systems, spanning Brazil, Guyana, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Like their payara relatives, Cynodon are silvery, laterally compressed, fast-swimming fish armed with prominent fang-like teeth projecting from the lower jaw, built for ambushing smaller fish in open water.

These are specialist predatory fish rather than community-tank stock - their size, sharp dentition and requirement for a live or appropriately sized prey-fish diet keep Cynodon largely out of the general aquarium trade and mostly of interest to large-predator keepers or to ichthyologists studying South American piscivore diversity. Common names such as snub-nosed payara (C. gibbus) and adjeni (C. meionactis) reflect local rather than trade usage. All three species are currently assessed Least Concern, suggesting stable populations across their wide river-system range.

IUCN Red List: Least Concern · 3

The 3 species

Every Cynodon recorded in this atlas. Each card links to a full researched profile — distribution, water parameters, and aquarium care, cited to primary sources.

(Agassiz, 1829)

Snub-nosed payara, Cachorra

12.5 in SL · LC

Géry, Le Bail & Keith, 1999

Adjeni, Vampire fish, Cynodon à petites écailles

12 in TL · LC

Toledo-Piza, 2000

12.5 in SL · LC

Explore further

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Genus Cynodon. Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/cynodon/

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