Glandulocauda is a small genus of characins from Brazil, belonging to the glandulocaudine lineage of tetras notable for an unusual reproductive trait: males in this group develop specialized glandular structures near the caudal fin that release pheromones during courtship, a feature shared with related genera such as Corynopoma. The atlas's 2 species are small fish, running roughly 1.5–2 in, and both are known only from Brazil.
Glandulocauda caerulea and G. melanopleura are little seen in the aquarium trade compared with some of their glandulocaudine relatives, and both carry an IUCN status of Endangered - a reflection of how restricted and pressured many small-range Brazilian stream fish have become as their forest habitats are cleared and developed. Where they are kept, it tends to be by specialist tetra keepers rather than through the general trade.