Hiatirhaphis is a small genus of live-bearing fish native to Caribbean-slope river drainages of Central America, with the two species in the atlas known from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. As live-bearers, females give birth to free-swimming young after internal fertilization by the male's modified anal-fin gonopodium, the reproductive mode shared across this branch of Central American freshwater fish. Hiatirhaphis cascajalensis and Hiatirhaphis parismina are modestly sized, around 3 in, and both are named for the specific river drainages where they were first collected.
Beyond basic distribution and size, published data on this genus are sparse - it is known mainly from regional ichthyological surveys rather than aquarium or detailed behavioral studies, and it has no meaningful presence in the hobby trade. Both Hiatirhaphis cascajalensis and Hiatirhaphis parismina are currently Not Evaluated by the IUCN, which is common for narrowly distributed Central American live-bearers that have not yet received a formal conservation assessment.