Hoplias

Hoplias is a genus with 15 species in this atlas, catalogued in the Piranhas & Pacus section, recorded from Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela and 11 more countries. Adult sizes run from 6 in to 39.5 in. Every species below links to a full researched profile.

Species in atlas
15
Adult sizes
6–39.5 in
IUCN assessed
15 of 15
Recorded from
14 countries

About the genus

Hoplias, the trahiras or wolf fish, is a genus of large, predatory characins in family Erythrinidae, widespread across Central and South American freshwaters, with atlas records from Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Colombia, Costa Rica, and French Guiana. Atlas species range from a substantial 6 in up to roughly a metre for the largest species, the aimara (H. aimara) - heavy-bodied, elongate ambush predators with a large, tooth-studded mouth built to strike fast-moving prey from cover, including fish, crustaceans, and small vertebrates.

Trahiras are mostly a fisheries and scientific-interest genus rather than a mainstream aquarium fish - the aimara in particular is a well-known sport and food fish in Guiana Shield rivers. A handful of Hoplias reach the specialist predator-keeping hobby, but their large adult size, aggression, and strictly predatory diet make them unsuitable for typical community tanks. The genus has also seen active taxonomic revision in recent decades, with the widespread nominal species H. malabaricus long recognized as masking a cluster of closely related, hard-to-distinguish lineages. Conservation data lean toward Least Concern where assessed, though more than half the atlas's 15 species are still Not Evaluated.

IUCN Red List: Least Concern · 7 Not Evaluated · 8

The 15 species

Every Hoplias recorded in this atlas. Each card links to a full researched profile — distribution, water parameters, and aquarium care, cited to primary sources.

(Valenciennes, 1847)

Aimara, Wolf fish, Giant trahira

39.5 in SL · LC

Rosso, González-Castro, Bogan, Cardoso, Mabragaña, Delpiani & Díaz de Astarloa, 2018

12 in SL · NE

Guimarães, Rosso, González-Castro, Souza, Díaz de Astarloa & Rodrigues, 2021

12.5 in SL · NE

Oyakawa & Mattox, 2009

8.5 in SL · NE

(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)

Trahira, Wolf fish

8 in SL · LC

Oyakawa & Mattox, 2009

Black wolf fish, Curupira trahira

12 in SL · LC

(Günther, 1864)

Intermedius wolf fish, Trahira

23.5 in SL · LC

Miranda Ribeiro, 1908

Giant trahira, Giant wolf fish, Traíra-açu

29.5 in SL · LC

(Bloch, 1794)

Trahira, Wolf fish, South American wolf fish

25.5 in TL · LC

Azpelicueta, Benítez, Aichino & Mendez, 2015

11.5 in SL · NE

(Agassiz, 1829)

Trahira, Wolf fish

14 in SL · NE

(Günther, 1864)

Small-scaled trahira, Guavina

19.5 in TL · LC

Rosso, Mabragaña, González-Castro, Delpiani, Avigliano, Schenone & Díaz de Astarloa, 2016

NE

(Valenciennes, 1847)

15.5 in SL · NE

(Valenciennes, 1847)

Trahira, Wolf fish

6 in SL · NE

Explore further

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Genus Hoplias. Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/hoplias/

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