Jupiaba is a genus of small characins — tetras — in the family Characidae, recognized as a distinct lineage split out from the sprawling Astyanax-Hyphessobrycon assemblage of neotropical tetras. The atlas covers 29 species, found across Brazil, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia, broadly the Amazon basin and the Guiana Shield. Like many small neotropical tetras, Jupiaba species are typically slender, laterally compressed, and schooling, living in forest streams and smaller tributaries where they feed on insects, other invertebrates, and organic material drifting in the current.
Jupiaba is not a mainstream aquarium genus; most species are known largely from ichthyological surveys rather than the trade, and many in the atlas carry no established common name. A few, such as the Peridot Tetra (J. acanthogaster) and the Citrina Tetra (J. citrina), have reached hobbyist circles and are kept much like other small tetras — soft, slightly acidic water, subdued lighting, and a proper shoal rather than a single specimen. The genus's IUCN picture leans reassuring where it has been assessed, with the large majority of evaluated species at Least Concern, though close to a third of the atlas's species remain Not Evaluated and one carries an Endangered listing.