Planaltina is a genus of small characins (tetras) endemic to Brazil, its name referencing the planalto, the high interior plateau of the Brazilian shield where its species were described. The atlas's four species — P. britskii, P. glandipedis, P. kaingang, and P. myersi — are modest in size, with adults reaching roughly 1–2 in, in keeping with the great majority of small stream-dwelling South American tetras. Detailed published information on the genus's habitat preferences and behavior is sparse, and none of its species carries a widely used common name.
Planaltina appears to be of scientific rather than aquarium interest: it is not established in the ornamental fish trade, and specific care guidance for the genus is not well documented, so keepers are generally best served by the broad husbandry norms for small South American characins — soft, slightly acidic water and a peaceful community setting — applied cautiously rather than as confirmed species-specific advice. Conservation status is split evenly across the atlas's tally, with two species rated Least Concern and two Not Evaluated, meaning half the genus has not yet been formally assessed by the IUCN.