Xenomystus

Xenomystus is a genus with 2 species in this atlas, catalogued in the Arowanas & Oddballs section, recorded from Benin, Cameroon, Liberia and 8 more countries. Every species below links to a full researched profile.

Species in atlas
2
Adult sizes
12 in
IUCN assessed
2 of 2
Recorded from
11 countries

About the genus

Xenomystus is a genus of African knifefish in the family Notopteridae, the same family that includes the larger Papyrocranus featherbacks. The atlas's two species, X. lucani and X. nigri - both known in the atlas as the African knifefish - are found across West and Central Africa, with records from Benin, Cameroon, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon. Like other notopterids, Xenomystus has a laterally compressed, blade-shaped body with the anal fin fused into a single fin ribbon running back to the tail, but it is set apart from its African and Asian relatives by lacking a dorsal fin entirely.

Xenomystus nigri is a genuinely popular aquarium fish - a hardy, nocturnal knifefish that swims by undulating that long ventral fin ribbon and, like its notopterid relatives, can gulp atmospheric air to supplement gill respiration in oxygen-poor swamp and floodplain water. Atlas sizes reach about 12 in, so adults need a decently sized, well-covered tank and are best kept with robust tankmates given a semi-aggressive, territorial streak toward their own kind. X. lucani is far less documented in aquarium literature. Both atlas species are currently assessed as Least Concern.

IUCN Red List: Least Concern · 2

The 2 species

Every Xenomystus recorded in this atlas. Each card links to a full researched profile — distribution, water parameters, and aquarium care, cited to primary sources.

Rochebrune, 1885

African knifefish, African brown knifefish

12 in TL · LC

(Günther, 1868)

African knifefish, African brown knifefish

12 in TL · LC

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How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Genus Xenomystus. Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/xenomystus/

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