Genus · Knifefishes

Apteronotus

Apteronotus is a genus with 31 species in this atlas, catalogued in the Knifefishes section, recorded from Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela and 8 more countries. Adult sizes run from 3 in to 19.5 in. Every species below links to a full researched profile.

Species in atlas
31
Adult sizes
3–19.5 in
IUCN assessed
31 of 31 · 3 threatened
Recorded from
11 countries

About the genus

Apteronotus is a genus of weakly electric ghost knifefishes in the family Apteronotidae, distributed through river systems across northern South America; the atlas draws its records from Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, French Guiana, and Guyana. Like other apteronotids, Apteronotus lack a true tail fin and propel themselves by rippling a long anal fin that runs most of the length of the underside, allowing forward and backward swimming with equal ease — useful for backing in and out of the crevices, root tangles, and driftwood piles they favor by day. They generate a continuous weak electric field for navigation, prey detection, and communication with other knifefish, a sense well developed for a mostly nocturnal lifestyle in dark, structure-rich water. The atlas covers 31 species with adult sizes from roughly 3–19.5 in.

The genus's best-known member, the Black Ghost Knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons), is one of the most widely kept knifefish in the aquarium hobby worldwide, prized for its sleek black body, pale tail bands, and intelligent, almost eel-like movement. The Brown Ghost Knifefish (A. leptorhynchus and A. rostratus) are also established in the trade. Apteronotus generally do well in a quiet, dimly lit tank with plenty of hiding structure, soft acidic to neutral water, and tankmates that will not out-compete a nocturnal fish for food; they can be territorial toward their own species. Conservation status across the genus is mixed but not alarming overall — the IUCN tally is split fairly evenly between Least Concern and Data Deficient, with only a small number of more range-restricted species rated Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered.

IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered · 1 Endangered · 1 Vulnerable · 1 Least Concern · 12 Data Deficient · 12 Not Evaluated · 4

The 31 species

Every Apteronotus recorded in this atlas. Each card links to a full researched profile — distribution, water parameters, and aquarium care, cited to primary sources.

Triques, 2011

12.5 in TL · DD

de Santana, Peixoto, Dutra & Dillman, 2026

NE

Peixoto, Dutra, Datovo, Menezes & de Santana, 2021

3 in TL · CR

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Black ghost knifefish, Black ghost, Black ghost knife

19.5 in TL · LC

de Santana & Vari, 2013

10.5 in TL · NE

Fernández-Yépez, 1968

12 in TL · DD

de Santana & Vari, 2013

Baniwa ghost knifefish

6 in TL · DD

(Reinhardt, 1852)

Brazilian ghost knifefish

11.5 in TL · LC

de Santana & Lehmann A., 2006

Black ghost electric knifefish

DD

de Santana, 2003

11.5 in TL · LC

(Schultz, 1949)

7.5 in TL · LC

Schultz, 1949

15.5 in TL · LC

de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo, Severi & Mendes, 2004

6.5 in TL · LC

de Santana & Vari, 2013

11 in TL · NE

de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo & Crampton, 2007

Galvis's ghost knifefish

7.5 in TL · DD

(Ellis, 1913)

15 in TL · LC

(Fowler, 1944)

10 in TL · DD

(Ellis, 1912)

Brown ghost knifefish, Brown ghost

10.5 in TL · EN

de Santana & Cox Fernandes, 2012

13 in TL · DD

(Steindachner, 1881)

Large-scaled ghost knifefish

7 in TL · LC

(Fowler, 1943)

Large-mouth ghost knifefish

10 in TL · DD

(Miles, 1945)

17.5 in TL · LC

de Santana, Castillo & Taphorn, 2006

Mago's ghost knifefish

LC

(Eigenmann & Fisher, 1914)

10.5 in TL · LC

de Santana & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2005

8.5 in TL · DD

de Santana, Peixoto, Dutra & Dillman, 2026

DD

(Schindler, 1940)

NE

de Santana & Vari, 2013

8 in TL · DD

Peixoto, Datovo, Menezes & Santana, 2021

DD

(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)

Brown ghost knifefish

10.5 in TL · LC

(Regan, 1914)

10.5 in TL · VU

Explore further

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Genus Apteronotus. Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/apteronotus/

← All Knifefishes