Butis

Butis is a genus with 5 species in this atlas, catalogued in the Gobies & Gudgeons section, recorded from Indonesia, India, Papua New Guinea and 19 more countries. Adult sizes run from 3 in to 6 in. Every species below links to a full researched profile.

Species in atlas
5
Adult sizes
3–6 in
IUCN assessed
5 of 5
Recorded from
22 countries

About the genus

Butis is a genus of sleeper gobies, part of the broader goby group traditionally placed in family Eleotridae (some classifications split it off as family Butidae). The atlas's five species span a broad Indo-Pacific range - Indonesia, India, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Japan, Malaysia, the Solomon Islands, and Thailand - typically inhabiting brackish estuaries, mangroves, and tidal creek systems rather than open freshwater. They are stout, thick-bodied, bottom-dwelling ambush predators with a broad, flattened head, running 3–6 in in the atlas.

Butis butis, the duckbill sleeper, is the best-known species by name, occasionally kept by brackish-water specialists who replicate mangrove or estuarine conditions with driftwood, leaf litter, and mild salinity. These are ambush predators that take live or meaty foods and can be aggressive toward smaller tankmates, making them a specialist rather than a community-tank fish. Conservation leans reassuring, with four of the five atlas species rated Least Concern.

IUCN Red List: Least Concern · 4 Not Evaluated · 1

The 5 species

Every Butis recorded in this atlas. Each card links to a full researched profile — distribution, water parameters, and aquarium care, cited to primary sources.

(Bleeker, 1853)

Olive flathead-gudgeon, Ambon gudgeon

5.5 in SL · LC

Maiti, Mandal, Das, Pahari & Bhattacharya, 2026

5 in SL · NE

(Hamilton, 1822)

Duckbill sleeper, Crazy fish, Upside-down sleeper

6 in TL · LC

(Valenciennes, 1837)

Black-spotted sleeper, Black-spot gudgeon

3 in SL · LC

(Bleeker, 1849)

Pitted sleeper, Duckbill sleeper

4 in TL · LC

Explore further

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Genus Butis. Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/butis/

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