Genus · Pufferfish

Pao

Pao is a genus with 9 species in this atlas, catalogued in the Pufferfish section, recorded from Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and 5 more countries. Adult sizes run from 3 in to 7.5 in. Every species below links to a full researched profile.

Species in atlas
9
Adult sizes
3–7.5 in
IUCN assessed
9 of 9
Recorded from
8 countries

About the genus

Pao is a genus of freshwater and brackish pufferfish (family Tetraodontidae) from Southeast and East Asia, recorded in the atlas from Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, China and Malaysia. Several of its species long sat in the genus Tetraodon before being reclassified into Pao; like other freshwater puffers they have a beak-like, fused dental plate in place of individual teeth, no scales, and the ability to inflate by gulping water when threatened. The atlas covers 9 species, from about 3–7.5 in.

Freshwater puffers are a specialist corner of the hobby rather than a beginner fish — species such as Pao palembangensis (dragon puffer) and P. leiurus (brackish puffer) are kept for their intelligence and personality, but most Pao are solitary and territorial with a tendency to nip fins, so they are usually housed alone or with hardy, fast tankmates in a species-appropriate setup rather than a general community. Their ever-growing dental plate needs regular hard-shelled food — snails, shrimp, crustaceans — to stay worn down. Pao baileyi, the hairy puffer, is a hobby oddity within the genus, developing fine, hair-like dermal growths as it matures. Conservation status skews reassuring where it has been assessed — five of the nine species the atlas tracks are Least Concern — though four remain Not Evaluated.

IUCN Red List: Least Concern · 5 Not Evaluated · 4

The 9 species

Every Pao recorded in this atlas. Each card links to a full researched profile — distribution, water parameters, and aquarium care, cited to primary sources. 1 has hobbyist breeding reports (◉).

(Roberts, 1998)

Abe's puffer, Red-spot puffer

4 in SL · LC

(Sontirat, 1989)

Hairy puffer, Bailey's puffer

4 in TL · LC

(Steindachner, 1866)

Cochinchina puffer, Fangs puffer

4.5 in SL · LC

(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1940)

Fang's puffer, Fangi puffer

3 in SL · NE

(Bleeker, 1850)

Brackish puffer, Target puffer

6.5 in SL · LC

(Bleeker, 1852)

Dragon puffer, Humpback puffer

7.5 in SL · NE

(Sontirat & Soonthornsata, 1985)

Arrowhead puffer

3 in SL · NE

(Kottelat, 2000)

Target puffer, Brown puffer

7.5 in SL · LC

Davinci, Putra, Adis, Pranadi, Zamroni, Muslimin, Kamil & Yulindra, 2026

NE

Explore further

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Genus Pao. Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/pao/

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