Otopharynx sp. "Round Head"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size5 in13 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardness (GH)very hardup to 446 ppm
Depth16–82 ft5–25 m
DietPresumed benthic invertivore, picking small crustaceans and insect larvae directly from open sand or rock surfaces; not directly documented for this form.
Breedingmaternal mouthbroodernot documented for this form; modest, genus-typical
Sexual dimorphismYesDichromatism assumed on general Malawi cichlid grounds; the specific pattern for this form is not documented.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardnessvery hardup to 446 ppm

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium75-gallon48 × 18 × 21 in · 75 gal (284 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Otopharynx sp. "Round Head" is an undescribed cichlid recorded at Nkhotakota on the central-western Malawian shore of Lake Malawi. Its trade name describes a rounded, blunt head profile, distinguishing it in the field from the more elongated, pointed-snout Otopharynx forms — including several other undescribed forms recorded at the same locality — with which it shares this stretch of shoreline.

What's in the name

Otopharynx sp. "Round Head"oh-toh-FAIR-inks, species "round head"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Otopharynx
  • otosGreekear
  • pharynxGreekthroat — together referring to features of the pharyngeal (throat) bones used in the genus's original description
"Round Head"
  • round headinformal (English)a descriptive trade name for a rounded, blunt head profile, distinguishing this form from elongated-snout Otopharynx recorded at the same locality. As an undescribed form it has no formal species name.

Taxonomy & naming

Otopharynx sp. "Round Head" has no describing author, no publication date, and no entry under a validated name in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes; it is an informal trade name, not a scientific one. The name is purely descriptive, referring to a rounded, blunt head profile — a useful field character precisely because Nkhotakota is also home to at least one heterodon-allied Otopharynx trade form with the opposite, elongated-snout profile, giving collectors a simple visual way to tell the two apart at the same locality. The genus Otopharynx, raised by Regan in 1920, spans a range of head and jaw shapes tied to different feeding strategies, and this population's rounded profile has not been linked by any published study to a particular described species.

Morphology

As implied by its trade name, this form is described as having a rounded, blunt head profile, in contrast to the elongated-snout Otopharynx forms recorded at the same and nearby localities. Beyond that documented feature, detailed morphometrics have not been published for this population. The body is expected to follow the moderately deep, laterally compressed shape typical of the genus. Genus-typical size for mid-sized Otopharynx runs to roughly 4.5–6 in total length; no validated maximum has been recorded specifically for this form. Sexual dichromatism is expected on general Malawi cichlid grounds, with breeding males more strongly and contrastingly marked than females, though the specific pattern for this population has not been described.

Habitat

The form is recorded from a single point at Nkhotakota, a town on the central-western Malawian shore of the lake. This stretch of shoreline includes a mix of sand and rocky habitat typical of the central lake, and Otopharynx species in general occupy the sand-rock interface or open sand rather than dense rocky reef. Nkhotakota has yielded several distinct undescribed Otopharynx trade forms with different head shapes and colour patterns, suggesting real, unresolved diversity along this stretch of shoreline. Surrounding water is warm, hard, and alkaline, consistent with Lake Malawi's littoral zone throughout, though the precise depth range used by this specific form has not been documented.

Feeding

Otopharynx species span a range of feeding strategies, from open-water zooplankton feeders to more benthic invertivores picking prey from sand or rock. A rounded, blunt head, as opposed to the elongated snout of heterodon-type Otopharynx, is generally more consistent with picking prey directly off open sand or rock surfaces than with probing into soft sediment. Which strategy applies to Otopharynx sp. "Round Head" has not been documented directly, but a benthic invertivorous diet — small crustaceans and insect larvae picked from the substrate — is the more likely pattern.

Mating

Breeding behaviour has not been documented specifically for this form. By analogy with other Otopharynx and the wider Lake Malawi haplochromine assemblage, males are expected to hold a breeding territory on sand or the sand-rock interface and display their breeding colour to attract passing females, following the general haplochromine courtship pattern. No field account of courtship exists specifically for this form.

Breeding

As in all Lake Malawi haplochromines, reproduction is by maternal mouthbrooding: the female carries the fertilised eggs and subsequent fry in her mouth, without normal feeding, for several weeks until they are large enough to be released as independent, free-swimming young. The male takes no further role after spawning and provides no protection to the female, eggs, or fry during the brooding period. Clutch size and brooding duration have not been documented for this specific form; genus-typical figures for mid-sized Otopharynx suggest a modest clutch and a brooding period of roughly three to four weeks.

In the aquarium

Otopharynx sp. "Round Head" is an uncommon fish in the hobby, generally reaching keepers through specialist Malawi cichlid importers rather than general retail. A tank for it should provide a sand substrate along with moderate rockwork, reflecting its likely sand-rock interface habitat, and open swimming space. Water chemistry should follow the Lake Malawi standard — hard and alkaline, pH roughly 7.7 to 8.6, temperature 75–82 °F. Otopharynx species are generally less aggressive than rock-dwelling mbuna and are usually kept successfully alongside other calm, similarly sized Malawi haplochromines rather than boisterous mbuna, which can outcompete them for food. Diet should include a quality cichlid pellet supplemented with small live or frozen invertebrates such as bloodworm and brine shrimp.

Conservation

Otopharynx sp. "Round Head" has not been evaluated by the IUCN and, as an undescribed form, has no Red List status of any kind. Its documented range is limited to a single point at Nkhotakota, on an accessible and reasonably well-surveyed part of the Malawian shore, but no population assessment or targeted study has been published for this specific form. In the absence of that data, the honest position is that it is unassessed, and that a form known from only one locality warrants the same general caution applied to other narrow-range Malawi endemics.

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Otopharynx sp. "round head" (Konings-based species database; Nkhotakota record)
  2. Konings, A. — Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat (Cichlid Press; foremost Malawi field authority)
  3. Cichlid Room Companion — Otopharynx (genus profile)

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Otopharynx sp. "Round Head". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/otopharynx-sp-round-head/

Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
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