Petrotilapia sp. "Nigra Tumbi"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size5 in13 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardness (GH)very hardup to 446 ppm
Depth10–49 ft3–15 m
DietAlgae specialist; scrapes tough, wave-hardened algal turf from exposed rock using broad, closely packed teeth.
Breedingmaternal mouthbroodernot documented for this form; larger than typical small mbuna given larger adult size
Sexual dimorphismYesTrade name implies males show a predominantly black breeding colour, one of several recurring Petrotilapia colour morphs across the lake; females plainer and paler.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardnessvery hardup to 446 ppm

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium75-gallon48 × 18 × 21 in · 75 gal (284 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Petrotilapia sp. "Nigra Tumbi" is an undescribed rock-scraping mbuna recorded at Tumbi Point on the Mozambican shore of Lake Malawi. Its trade name places it among the many "nigra" Petrotilapia forms recorded at scattered localities across the lake — populations whose breeding males develop a predominantly black colour, one of several recurring male colour morphs that make Petrotilapia one of the most taxonomically tangled genera in Lake Malawi, and the same pattern for which the formally described Petrotilapia nigra Marsh, 1983 is named.

What's in the name

Petrotilapia sp. "Nigra Tumbi"peh-troh-tih-LAY-pee-ah, species "NEE-grah TOOM-bee"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Petrotilapia
  • petrosGreekrock
  • Tilapiagenus name, via Tswana thiapea cichlid genus name widely used as a root for African cichlid genera — together, "rock tilapia"
nigra
  • niger / nigraLatinblack — an informal tag used for several unrelated Petrotilapia populations around the lake with predominantly black breeding males, and the epithet of the described relative P. nigra Marsh, 1983
"Tumbi"
  • Tumbiplace name (Mozambique)Tumbi Point, on the Mozambican shore, used as a locality qualifier distinguishing this black-morph population from other "nigra" Petrotilapia forms recorded elsewhere in the lake. As an undescribed form it has no formal species name.

Taxonomy & naming

Petrotilapia sp. "Nigra Tumbi" has no describing author, no publication date, and no entry under a validated name in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. Its name follows a recurring pattern in the field literature: "nigra," Latin for black, is used informally across several unrelated Petrotilapia populations around the lake to flag a predominantly black or near-black male breeding colour, with a locality qualifier — here "Tumbi," for Tumbi Point on the Mozambican shore — distinguishing this particular black-morph population from the many others recorded elsewhere, including the formally described species Petrotilapia nigra Marsh, 1983, itself named for the same colour and split from P. tridentiger in Marsh's 1983 revision. The genus Petrotilapia is notorious for producing multiple distinct male colour morphs, sometimes several at a single reef, which has left species boundaries within the genus unusually difficult to establish and left the great majority of named forms undescribed. Whether this Tumbi Point black morph is conspecific with, or merely convergent on, the described P. nigra has not been resolved by any published study.

Morphology

As implied by its trade name, breeding males of Petrotilapia sp. "Nigra Tumbi" are described as predominantly black or near-black, a striking departure from the barred or blue-toned patterns typical of most other Petrotilapia forms. Detailed morphometrics specific to this population have not been published. The body should follow the genus-typical robust build — a thick-set head and strong, closely packed teeth adapted for scraping tough algal turf from wave-washed rock, larger and heavier than most other mbuna. Genus-typical size for Petrotilapia runs to roughly 4.5–6 in total length, with males somewhat larger than females. As with other "nigra" Petrotilapia forms recorded elsewhere in the lake, the black colouration is confined to breeding males; females and non-breeding males are expected to be far plainer and paler.

Habitat

The form is recorded from Tumbi Point, on the Mozambican shore of Lake Malawi. Petrotilapia are specialists of wave-exposed, high-energy rocky shoreline, where strong surf keeps algal turf short, and this form is expected to occupy the same shallow-to-moderate rocky habitat typical of the genus. The Mozambican shore of the lake is comparatively less intensively surveyed than the well-studied Malawian coast, and the precise extent of this form's range beyond Tumbi Point is not established. Water in this part of the lake follows the general Malawi profile: warm, hard, and alkaline.

Feeding

Petrotilapia are the lake's rock-scraping algae specialists, using broad, closely packed teeth to tear and scrape tough, wave-hardened algal turf from exposed rock, a niche their robust jaws are particularly well suited to compared with the more delicately toothed grazing mbuna. Petrotilapia sp. "Nigra Tumbi" is presumed to feed in this genus-typical manner, defending a feeding territory on exposed rock, though no feeding study specific to this population has been published.

Mating

Mature males are expected to hold and defend a feeding-and-breeding territory on exposed rock, displaying their black breeding colour to attract passing females — a pattern consistent with other "nigra" Petrotilapia forms recorded elsewhere in the lake. Petrotilapia territorial defence is generally more intense than in many other mbuna genera, given the value of well-exposed, algae-rich rock. Given the genus's tendency to produce multiple coexisting male colour morphs at a single site, other Petrotilapia colour forms may share these Mozambican reefs, though this has not been documented specifically.

Breeding

As in all Lake Malawi haplochromines, reproduction is by maternal mouthbrooding: the female collects the fertilised eggs into her mouth after spawning and carries them, without normal feeding, for several weeks until the fry are ready for independent release, with the male taking no further role. Clutch sizes in Petrotilapia tend toward the larger end for mbuna given the genus's larger adult body size, though exact figures for this Tumbi Point population have not been documented.

In the aquarium

Petrotilapia sp. "Nigra Tumbi" would be kept as a robust rock-grazing mbuna: substantial rockwork offering exposed grazing surfaces and retreats, a sand substrate, and good water movement suit its natural high-energy habitat. Water chemistry should match Lake Malawi's rocky zone — hard and strongly alkaline, pH roughly 7.7 to 8.6, temperature 75–82 °F. As with other Petrotilapia, expect pronounced aggression, generally more intense than typical mbuna, so a generously sized tank, careful stocking, and one male to several females (or a very large, densely decorated mixed-mbuna system) help manage conflict. Diet should be strongly vegetable-based — spirulina flake or pellet, algae wafers welcome — with fatty, protein-heavy foods minimised given the group's susceptibility to digestive bloat.

Conservation

Petrotilapia sp. "Nigra Tumbi" has not been evaluated by the IUCN and, as an undescribed form, has no Red List status. Its documented range is limited to Tumbi Point on the Mozambican shore, a part of the lake that is comparatively less surveyed than the Malawian side, meaning both its true extent and any pressures on it remain poorly known. The general caution applied to narrow-range Malawi mbuna forms — vulnerability to concentrated collection or localised habitat change — applies here in the absence of any formal assessment.

In a guide: Lake Malawi mbuna

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Petrotilapia sp. "nigra tumbi" (Konings-based species database; Tumbi Point record)
  2. Marsh, A.C., 1983 — Taxonomic revision of Petrotilapia (Ichthyological Bulletin, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology); describes P. nigra, split from P. tridentiger
  3. Konings, A. — Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat (Cichlid Press; foremost Malawi field authority; Petrotilapia polymorphism)
  4. Cichlid Room Companion — Petrotilapia (genus profile)

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Petrotilapia sp. "Nigra Tumbi". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/petrotilapia-sp-nigra-tumbi/

Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
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