Copadichromis sp. "Pictus Maleri"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size6 in15 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Depth10–98 ft3–30 m
DietPresumed open-water zooplanktivore, picking copepods, cladocerans and similar small invertebrates from the water column with a small protrusible mouth, per genus pattern; no population-specific dietary study has been published.
Breedingmaternal mouthbrooder (polygamous, lek-style)not documented for this form; utaka-typical ~30–60 eggs (mean ~49 in the open-water congener C. chrysonotus, Smith 2000)
Sexual dimorphismYesNot documented in detail. The trade name 'pictus' implies a boldly patterned breeding male, per genus convention; females and non-breeders presumed plain silvery, per genus pattern.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium125-gallon72 × 18 × 23 in · 125 gal (473 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Copadichromis sp. "Pictus Maleri" is an undescribed Copadichromis population recorded at Nakantenga Island in the southern part of Lake Malawi, an island cluster near the Maleri group that has produced several documented colour forms across the genus. The trade name's first word, from the Latin pictus ("painted"), points to a boldly patterned breeding male, but no formal description or dedicated field account of this specific population has been published, and its precise relationship to other named Copadichromis is not established.

What's in the name

Copadichromis sp. "Pictus Maleri"koh-pad-ih-KROH-miss, trade name "PIK-tus muh-LAIR-ee"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Copadichromis
  • kopas, kopadosGreeka swarm or shoal of fish, for the shoaling habit of most species in the genus
  • chromisGreekan old name for a perch-like fish, the conventional terminal element of many cichlid genus names
"Pictus Maleri"
  • pictusLatinpainted — a descriptive trade term for a boldly patterned or brightly marked breeding male
  • Maleritoponymthe Maleri Islands group in southern Lake Malawi, near Nakantenga Island, the documented collection locality; not a Latin epithet, as the form is undescribed

Taxonomy & naming

Copadichromis sp. "Pictus Maleri" has no formal description, no scientific authority, and no Catalog of Fishes entry; the name is an open-nomenclature trade designation combining a descriptive tag ("pictus", Latin for "painted", conventionally used in trade names for boldly or brightly patterned forms) with the collection locality, Nakantenga Island, in the Maleri Islands group of the southern lake. It belongs to the genus Copadichromis, the largest group of Lake Malawi's open-water, plankton-feeding "utaka", diagnosed by a small, strongly protrusible mouth and a long series of fine gill rakers. Nakantenga Island and the adjoining Maleri Islands are a documented source locality for several other named Copadichromis populations, including forms of the described species Copadichromis borleyi, but no published source has examined "Pictus Maleri" closely enough to establish which described species, if any, it belongs closest to. Given the absence of a dedicated study, the honest position is that this is a distinct, undescribed field population known primarily by its trade name.

Morphology

No detailed morphological description has been published for this population under the name "Pictus Maleri". The trade name's descriptive element, "pictus", implies a strikingly patterned or brightly marked breeding male, consistent with the general pattern across Copadichromis in which males in breeding dress develop saturated colour and pattern contrast while females and non-breeding fish remain plain and silvery. Beyond that naming cue, no specific colour description, size, or meristic data has been documented for this population, and none should be assumed without direct examination. Adult size is presumed to fall within the broad range typical of medium-sized Copadichromis utaka, roughly 4.5–7 in total length, pending any species-specific measurement.

Habitat

The documented locality for this population is Nakantenga Island, in the Maleri Islands group of the southern part of Lake Malawi, south of the Nankumba Peninsula. Copadichromis utaka generally are benthopelagic, shoaling in open water off rocky and intermediate coasts in the well-lit upper water column where planktonic food is most abundant, typically within the first few to a few tens of metres of depth. No depth or micro-habitat data specific to "Pictus Maleri" has been published, so this should be read as genus-typical rather than confirmed for the population. As throughout Lake Malawi's southern basin, the water here is warm, hard and strongly alkaline.

Feeding

No population-specific dietary study has been published for "Pictus Maleri". As a Copadichromis utaka, it is presumed to be an open-water zooplanktivore, picking individual planktonic animals — copepods, cladocerans and similar small invertebrates — from the water column with a small, highly protrusible mouth, and retaining prey on a long row of fine gill rakers rather than grazing algae from rock. This feeding guild matters beyond any single locality: utaka collectively convert the lake's plankton production into fish biomass at a scale large enough to support both larger predators and Malawi's artisanal and commercial fisheries, which net open-water Copadichromis shoals in quantity as a food fish.

Mating

No breeding-behaviour observations specific to this population have been published. Copadichromis utaka generally are polygamous, lek-style breeders: males leave the shoal when in condition and establish temporary territories on open sand or at the rock-sand interface, clearing and defending a spawning site — commonly a shallow sand crater or low bower, often placed beneath or beside an overhanging rock — while displaying nuptial colour to attract passing females. The male's egg-spot markings on the anal fin, together with his nuptial colour, are the presumed courtship cue drawing a receptive female to his site. This should be read as genus-typical rather than confirmed for "Pictus Maleri" specifically.

Breeding

As in every Copadichromis and every Lake Malawi haplochromine, reproduction is by maternal mouthbrooding. The female lays her clutch at the male's cleared spawning site and immediately takes the eggs into her mouth, then draws in his milt via the egg-spot pattern on his anal fin, fertilising the clutch inside her buccal cavity. She alone carries the developing brood for roughly three weeks before releasing free-swimming fry, with no further care from the male. No clutch counts have been documented for "Pictus Maleri"; among the open-water utaka the best-quantified figure is a mean of about 49 eggs recorded in the related Copadichromis chrysonotus, and this form is expected to fall in a similar genus-typical range.

In the aquarium

Copadichromis sp. "Pictus Maleri" is an uncommon aquarium fish, reaching keepers, when it does, through specialist Malawi importers rather than general retail. Because it is presumed to be an active, shoaling, open-water utaka, a large tank is important — a minimum length around 59 in is a sensible floor for a group. Decor should follow the standard Lake Malawi utaka approach: a sand substrate, a modest arrangement of rocks toward the back and sides, and a generous open swimming volume for a midwater feeder. Water should be hard and strongly alkaline, matching the lake (roughly 75–82 °F, pH 7.7–8.6). Suitable tankmates are other calm, similarly sized open-water haplochromines and peacocks rather than aggressive mbuna. Given the sparse published record for this trade name, keepers should treat clear collection-locality records as more informative than the name alone, and avoid mixing it indiscriminately with other Nakantenga Island or Maleri Islands Copadichromis forms to prevent unrecognised hybridisation.

Conservation

Copadichromis sp. "Pictus Maleri" has not been evaluated by the IUCN and, as an undescribed form, carries no Red List status of any kind — an absence of assessment, not a certificate of safety. Its documented range, on current information, is centred on Nakantenga Island in the southern lake. Utaka generally are subject to significant commercial and artisanal fishing pressure across Lake Malawi, since they are netted in quantity as food fish, and there is no population-specific data to indicate whether or how heavily this particular form is affected by that pressure. The Maleri Islands group more broadly is a well-visited collection area for the aquarium trade, adding a second, smaller potential pressure alongside the food fishery, though neither has been quantified for this specific population.

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Copadichromis (Konings-based species database; Malawi genus overview)
  2. Cichlid Room Companion — Copadichromis genus profile (utaka, plankton-feeders)
  3. Smith, L.W. 2000. The reproductive biology of an open-water spawning Lake Malawi cichlid, Copadichromis chrysonotus. African Zoology 35(2): 151-164 [mean fecundity ~49 eggs in an open-water utaka]

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Copadichromis sp. "Pictus Maleri". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/copadichromis-sp-pictus-maleri/

Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
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