Copadichromis sp. "Tumbi Two Spot"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size6 in15 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Depth10–98 ft3–30 m
DietPresumed open-water zooplanktivore, picking copepods, cladocerans and similar small invertebrates from the water column with a small protrusible mouth, per genus pattern; no population-specific dietary study has been published.
Breedingmaternal mouthbrooder (polygamous, lek-style)not documented for this form; utaka-typical ~30–60 eggs (mean ~49 in the open-water congener C. chrysonotus, Smith 2000)
Sexual dimorphismYesNot documented in detail. The trade name indicates a two-blotch flank pattern; breeding males across the genus typically develop saturated colour while females remain plain silvery. No specific pattern published for this population.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium125-gallon72 × 18 × 23 in · 125 gal (473 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Copadichromis sp. "Tumbi Two Spot" is an undescribed Copadichromis population recorded at Tumbi Point on the Mozambican shore of Lake Malawi, named for a flank pattern of two dark blotches rather than the four-blotch row that gives the genus's type species, Copadichromis quadrimaculatus, its name. No formal description or dedicated field study of this population has been published, so its relationship to the quadrimaculatus group and other flank-blotched Copadichromis remains undetermined.

What's in the name

Copadichromis sp. "Tumbi Two Spot"koh-pad-ih-KROH-miss, trade name "Tumbi Two Spot"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Copadichromis
  • kopas, kopadosGreeka swarm or shoal of fish, for the shoaling habit of most species in the genus
  • chromisGreekan old name for a perch-like fish, the conventional terminal element of many cichlid genus names
"Tumbi Two Spot"
  • Tumbi Pointtoponymthe collection locality on the Mozambican shore of Lake Malawi
  • Two Spotinformala flank pattern of two dark blotches, distinguishing it in the field from the four-blotch pattern of Copadichromis quadrimaculatus; not a Latin epithet, as the form is undescribed

Taxonomy & naming

Copadichromis sp. "Tumbi Two Spot" has no formal description, no scientific authority, and no Catalog of Fishes entry; the name is an open-nomenclature trade designation combining the collection locality, Tumbi Point, with a descriptive tag referring to a two-blotch flank pattern. It belongs to the genus Copadichromis, the largest group of Lake Malawi's open-water, plankton-feeding "utaka", diagnosed by a small, strongly protrusible mouth and a long series of fine gill rakers. Several Copadichromis populations carry flank-blotch counts in their trade names as a practical field distinction — the type species Copadichromis quadrimaculatus is defined by a row of four dark blotches, and reduced-count variants such as a two-spot pattern are recognised informally elsewhere in the genus. Whether "Tumbi Two Spot" is a genuinely distinct species, a regional colour variant of an existing flank-blotched Copadichromis, or an undescribed population within the broader quadrimaculatus group has not been resolved by any published examination. Tumbi Point itself is a documented Lake Malawi locality, also recorded for populations of the described mbuna species Cynotilapia afra, confirming it as a real, surveyed site rather than an obscure or doubtful one.

Morphology

No detailed morphological description has been published for this population under the name "Tumbi Two Spot". The trade name's descriptive element indicates a flank pattern of two dark blotches, distinguishing it in the field from the four-blotch pattern of Copadichromis quadrimaculatus and its close relatives. Beyond that naming cue, no colour, size, or meristic data specific to this population has been documented, and none should be assumed without direct examination. Adult size is presumed to fall within the broad range typical of medium-sized Copadichromis utaka, roughly 4.5–7 in total length, pending any species-specific measurement.

Habitat

The documented locality for this population is Tumbi Point, on the Mozambican shore of Lake Malawi. Copadichromis utaka generally are benthopelagic, shoaling in open water off rocky and intermediate coasts in the well-lit upper water column where planktonic food is most abundant, typically within the first few to a few tens of metres of depth. Tumbi Point is also a documented locality for populations of the described mbuna species Cynotilapia afra, confirming the site as a genuinely mixed reef habitat rather than an open-water-only location. No depth or micro-habitat data specific to "Tumbi Two Spot" has been published, so this should be read as genus-typical rather than confirmed for the population. As throughout Lake Malawi, the water here is warm, hard and strongly alkaline.

Feeding

No population-specific dietary study has been published for "Tumbi Two Spot". As a Copadichromis utaka, it is presumed to be an open-water zooplanktivore, picking individual planktonic animals — copepods, cladocerans and similar small invertebrates — from the water column with a small, highly protrusible mouth, and retaining prey on a long row of fine gill rakers rather than grazing algae from rock. This feeding guild matters beyond any single reef: utaka collectively convert the lake's plankton production into fish biomass at a scale large enough to support both larger predators and Malawi's artisanal and commercial fisheries, which net open-water Copadichromis shoals in quantity as a food fish.

Mating

No breeding-behaviour observations specific to this population have been published. Copadichromis utaka generally are polygamous, lek-style breeders: males leave the shoal when in condition and establish temporary territories on open sand or at the rock-sand interface, clearing and defending a spawning site — commonly a shallow sand crater or low bower, often placed beneath or beside an overhanging rock — while displaying nuptial colour to attract passing females. The male's egg-spot markings on the anal fin, together with his nuptial colour, are the presumed courtship cue drawing a receptive female to his site. This should be read as genus-typical rather than confirmed for "Tumbi Two Spot" specifically.

Breeding

As in every Copadichromis and every Lake Malawi haplochromine, reproduction is by maternal mouthbrooding. The female lays her clutch at the male's cleared spawning site and immediately takes the eggs into her mouth, then draws in his milt via the egg-spot pattern on his anal fin, fertilising the clutch inside her buccal cavity. She alone carries the developing brood for roughly three weeks before releasing free-swimming fry, with no further care from the male. No clutch counts have been documented for "Tumbi Two Spot"; among the open-water utaka the best-quantified figure is a mean of about 49 eggs recorded in the related Copadichromis chrysonotus, and this form is expected to fall in a similar genus-typical range.

In the aquarium

Copadichromis sp. "Tumbi Two Spot" is an uncommon aquarium fish, reaching keepers, when it does, through specialist Malawi importers rather than general retail. Because it is presumed to be an active, shoaling, open-water utaka, a large tank is important — a minimum length around 59 in is a sensible floor for a group. Decor should follow the standard Lake Malawi utaka approach: a sand substrate, a modest arrangement of rocks toward the back and sides, and a generous open swimming volume for a midwater feeder. Water should be hard and strongly alkaline, matching the lake (roughly 75–82 °F, pH 7.7–8.6). Suitable tankmates are other calm, similarly sized open-water haplochromines and peacocks rather than aggressive mbuna. Given the sparse published record for this trade name, keepers should treat clear collection-locality records as more informative than the name alone, and avoid mixing it indiscriminately with other flank-blotched Copadichromis to prevent unrecognised hybridisation.

Conservation

Copadichromis sp. "Tumbi Two Spot" has not been evaluated by the IUCN and, as an undescribed form, carries no Red List status of any kind — an absence of assessment, not a certificate of safety. Its documented range, on current information, is centred on Tumbi Point on the Mozambican shore. Utaka generally are subject to significant commercial and artisanal fishing pressure across Lake Malawi, since they are netted in quantity as food fish, and there is no population-specific data to indicate whether or how heavily this particular form is affected by that pressure. As a Mozambican-shore locality, Tumbi Point also sits within a national jurisdiction where fisheries monitoring and enforcement capacity differs from Malawi's own lake-management framework, a general context for any narrow-range population collected there.

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Copadichromis (Konings-based species database; Malawi genus overview)
  2. Cichlid Room Companion — Copadichromis genus profile (utaka, plankton-feeders)
  3. Smith, L.W. 2000. The reproductive biology of an open-water spawning Lake Malawi cichlid, Copadichromis chrysonotus. African Zoology 35(2): 151-164 [mean fecundity ~49 eggs in an open-water utaka]

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Copadichromis sp. "Tumbi Two Spot". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/copadichromis-sp-tumbi-two-spot/

Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
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