Copadichromis sp. "Quadrimaculatus Yellow"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size8 in20 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Depth10–98 ft3–30 m
DietPresumed open-water zooplanktivore, picking copepods, cladocerans and insect larvae from the water column with a small protrusible mouth, per the quadrimaculatus group pattern; no population-specific dietary study has been published.
Breedingmaternal mouthbrooder (polygamous, lek-style)not documented for this form; utaka-typical ~30–60 eggs (mean ~49 in the open-water congener C. chrysonotus, Smith 2000)
Sexual dimorphismYesBreeding males develop a yellow cast to the fins, distinguishing this population from other quadrimaculatus-group forms; females and juveniles are presumed plain silvery with the group's characteristic four flank blotches, as in the type species.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium125-gallon72 × 18 × 23 in · 125 gal (473 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Copadichromis sp. "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" is an undescribed, yellow-finned utaka closely related to Copadichromis quadrimaculatus, the type species of the genus, collected at Taiwanee Reef in Lake Malawi. It belongs to the small cluster of colour forms travelling under provisional names within the "quadrimaculatus group" — populations similar enough to the four-blotched type species to be assigned to its immediate circle, but distinguished from it by fin colour, and never formally examined closely enough to be given a validated name.

What's in the name

Copadichromis sp. "Quadrimaculatus Yellow"koh-pad-ih-KROH-miss kwod-rih-mak-yoo-LAH-tus, trade name "yellow"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Copadichromis
  • kopas, kopadosGreeka swarm or shoal of fish, for the shoaling habit of most species in the genus
  • chromisGreekan old name for a perch-like fish, the conventional terminal element of many cichlid genus names
"Quadrimaculatus Yellow"
  • quadrimaculatusLatin, after the type speciesfour-spotted; denotes close resemblance to Copadichromis quadrimaculatus, whose four dark flank blotches this population is presumed to share
  • Yellowinformalthe yellow cast of breeding males' fins that distinguishes this population from other quadrimaculatus-group forms; not a Latin epithet, as the form is undescribed

Taxonomy & naming

Copadichromis sp. "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" has no formal description, no scientific authority, and no Catalog of Fishes entry; the name is an open-nomenclature trade designation that ties the fish directly to Copadichromis quadrimaculatus (Regan, 1922), the species Eccles and Trewavas designated as the type of the genus Copadichromis in 1989. Regan's original description placed the type species' distinctive row of four dark flank blotches at the centre of the genus, and quadrimaculatus itself heads what is informally known as the "quadrimaculatus group" of similar four-blotched forms. "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" is recognised within that group specifically for its yellow-finned breeding males, and has been documented by Ad Konings as a distinct field population associated with reefs including Taiwanee Reef. Its precise relationship to the described species — whether a colour variant that would key out as C. quadrimaculatus under close examination, or a genuinely distinct undescribed species within the group — has not been resolved by any published study.

Morphology

Copadichromis quadrimaculatus, the closely related type species, reaches roughly 8 in total length and is diagnosed by a longitudinal row of four dark blotches along each flank, present in both sexes but most visible against the plain silvery ground colour of females and non-breeding fish. "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" is distinguished from typical quadrimaculatus specifically by the colour of breeding males' fins, which develop a yellow cast rather than the blue-headed or plain silvery patterns seen in other populations assigned to the group — the trait that gives the trade name its second word. Beyond that documented colour difference, no separate morphometric study has been published for this population, so body proportions, maximum size, and meristic counts are presumed to track the type species closely, consistent with its placement in the same species group. As in quadrimaculatus, the mouth is small but highly protrusible, an adaptation for picking individual planktonic prey rather than a wide gape suited to larger items.

Habitat

The documented locality for this population is Taiwanee Reef in Lake Malawi. Copadichromis quadrimaculatus and its close relatives are benthopelagic utaka: they shoal in open water just off rocky and intermediate coasts, in the well-lit upper water column where their planktonic food is most abundant, typically within the first few to a few tens of metres of depth. No depth or micro-habitat data specific to "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" has been separately published, but there is no reason to expect it to differ materially from the type species' habitat preference given their close relationship. As throughout Lake Malawi's surface layer, the water here is warm, hard and strongly alkaline.

Feeding

As a member of the quadrimaculatus group, "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" is presumed to be an open-water zooplanktivore in the same mould as the type species — picking individual planktonic animals such as copepods and cladocerans, together with insect larvae drifting in the water column, using a small, telescoping mouth that shoots forward to engulf prey one at a time, and retaining food on a long series of fine gill rakers. No dietary study specific to this population has been published, and this account should be read as group-typical rather than confirmed for the yellow-finned form specifically.

Mating

No breeding-behaviour observations specific to "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" have been published. Copadichromis quadrimaculatus and the utaka generally are polygamous, lek-style breeders: males leave the shoal when in condition and establish temporary territories on open sand or at the rock-sand interface, clearing and defending a spawning site — commonly a shallow sand crater or low bower, often beneath or beside an overhanging rock — while displaying nuptial colour to attract passing females. Given the group's close relationship, the yellow-finned form's courtship is presumed to follow the same pattern, with its distinctive fin colour likely playing the signalling role that the four flank blotches and blue head play in the type species.

Breeding

As in every Copadichromis and every Lake Malawi haplochromine, reproduction is by maternal mouthbrooding. The female lays her clutch at the male's cleared site and immediately takes the eggs into her mouth, then nuzzles the egg-spots on the male's anal fin to draw in his milt and fertilise the eggs inside her buccal cavity. She alone carries the developing brood for roughly three weeks before releasing free-swimming fry, with no further care from the male. No clutch counts have been documented for "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" specifically; among the open-water utaka the best-quantified figure is a mean of about 49 eggs (roughly 30–60) recorded in the related Copadichromis chrysonotus, and this form is expected to fall in a similar genus-typical range.

In the aquarium

Copadichromis sp. "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" is uncommon in the ornamental trade, reaching hobbyists mainly through specialist Malawi importers and breeders rather than general retail, in keeping with the limited trade presence of Copadichromis quadrimaculatus and its close relatives generally. Because it is an active, shoaling, open-water fish, a large tank is important — a minimum length around 59–71 in is a sensible floor for a group, with more room preferred. Decor should follow the standard Lake Malawi utaka approach: a sand substrate, a modest arrangement of rocks toward the back and sides for territory markers, and a generous open swimming volume for a midwater feeder. Water should be hard and strongly alkaline, matching the lake (roughly 75–82 °F, pH 7.7–8.6), with robust filtration and regular partial water changes to support the high-protein diet these fish need. Suitable tankmates are other calm, similarly sized open-water haplochromines and peacocks; aggressive mbuna are poor companions, as their relentless territorial harassment prevents less combative utaka from feeding and resting normally. Given the taxonomic uncertainty around this trade name, keepers should avoid mixing it with other quadrimaculatus-group populations to prevent unrecognised hybridisation.

Conservation

Copadichromis sp. "Quadrimaculatus Yellow" has not been evaluated by the IUCN and, as an undescribed form, carries no Red List status of any kind — an absence of assessment, not a certificate of safety. Its documented range, on current information, is centred on Taiwanee Reef. The closely related type species, Copadichromis quadrimaculatus, is assessed as Least Concern owing to its wide, lake-wide distribution, but that assessment does not automatically extend to a narrower-range, undescribed colour form within its species group. Utaka generally are subject to significant commercial and artisanal fishing pressure across Lake Malawi, since they are netted in quantity as food fish, and there is no specific data to indicate whether or how heavily this particular population is affected.

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Copadichromis (Konings-based species database; Malawi genus overview)
  2. Cichlid Room Companion — Copadichromis sp. 'quadrimaculatus yellow' (maternal mouthbrooder; Konings)
  3. Cichlid Room Companion — Copadichromis quadrimaculatus (type species; original description, taxonomy)
  4. Smith, L.W. 2000. The reproductive biology of an open-water spawning Lake Malawi cichlid, Copadichromis chrysonotus. African Zoology 35(2): 151-164 [mean fecundity ~49 eggs in an open-water utaka]

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Copadichromis sp. "Quadrimaculatus Yellow". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/copadichromis-sp-quadrimaculatus-yellow/

Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
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