Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov"

Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov" (Three Peaks Reef)

4 cited sources

CARESNOT LISTED
Genus type speciesCynotilapia afradescribed as Hemichromis afer Günther 1894
Scientific size3.5 in8.5 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardness (GH)up to 446 ppm
Depth49–115 ft15–35 m
DietPicks loose diatoms, filamentous algae, and fine detritus from rock and sand using the genus's diagnostic unicuspid teeth, rather than scraping bound algal turf.
Breedingmaternal mouthbroodera few dozen eggs (genus-typical)
Sexual dimorphismYesGenus-typical expectation: males show fuller breeding colour and brighter fin edging than females; the specific pattern of this form is not documented.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →

Water attributes — Lake Malawi

About Three Peaks Reef →

Where this fish is found in the wild — the water body's own measured chemistry and character, not aquarium care advice. Temperature is satellite-measured near this collection point; chemistry is the lake's own.

Surface temp75–81 °FApr–Nov · coolest Julsatellite 1995–2023, within 10 km
pH8.2–8.6alkaline
Hardnessmoderately soft79 ppm
Clarity (Secchi)66 ft20 m
Water characterRift lake →MeromicticExploreLake Malawi →700–1,000+ cichlid species
73°76°79°82°Jan: too few clear satellite days (1)–JFeb: too few clear satellite days (4)–FMar: too few clear satellite days (8)–MApr: 80 °F mean (78 °F–82 °F), 43 clear satellite daysAMay: 78 °F mean (77 °F–80 °F), 150 clear satellite daysMJun: 77 °F mean (75 °F–78 °F), 195 clear satellite daysJJul: 75 °F mean (74 °F–76 °F), 221 clear satellite daysJAug: 75 °F mean (74 °F–76 °F), 283 clear satellite daysASep: 76 °F mean (75 °F–78 °F), 294 clear satellite daysSOct: 79 °F mean (77 °F–82 °F), 156 clear satellite daysONov: 81 °F mean (79 °F–83 °F), 66 clear satellite daysNDec: too few clear satellite days (8)–D
Surface temperature by month near Three Peaks Reef — dot = mean, bar = typical range (10th–90th percentile), “–” = too cloudy to measure.

Temperature: ESA Climate Change Initiative, Lakes_cci v3.0 (Asfour et al. 2026; doi:10.5285/a56dba09df8a42ec9fba8b8c7a5e1f69).

For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardnessup to 446 ppm

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium40-gallon breeder36 × 18 × 17 in · 40 gal (151 L)

Aquascape & setup

Moderately soft, alkaline, well-buffered water, as the cited chemistry of Lake Malawi describes it — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov" is an undescribed mbuna recorded from Three Peaks Reef in the southern part of Lake Malawi, one of at least two distinct Cynotilapia colour forms documented from that single reef alongside Cynotilapia sp. "Zebra Deep". Both carry the "Deep" qualifier used throughout the genus for populations collected below the shallow reef zone most rock-dwelling mbuna occupy. "Skov" most likely preserves the name of a collector or exporter associated with the form's introduction to the aquarium trade, a naming pattern common among Lake Malawi mbuna forms, though the specific attribution is not confirmed in the sources consulted for this article.

What's in the name

Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov" — sy-no-tih-LAP-ee-ah, form "deep SKOFF"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Cynotilapia
  • kyon (cyno-)Greek — dog — for the large, canine-like teeth
  • tilapiaother — a latinisation of !api, the !Kung word for fish, long used as a catch-all stem for African cichlid genera
"Deep Skov"
  • Deepinformal (English) — denotes a population collected below the shallow reef zone typical for this genus
  • Skovinformal, likely a surname — presumed to preserve the name of a collector or exporter associated with this form; not confirmed. As an undescribed form it has no formal species name.

Taxonomy & naming

Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov" has never been formally described and has no describing authority, no publication date, and no valid-name entry in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. The name is an informal trade/field designation combining the depth qualifier "Deep" with what is presumably a personal name, "Skov" — a pattern seen elsewhere among Lake Malawi mbuna trade names, which are frequently coined by the collectors, exporters, or aquarists who first brought a form into the hobby rather than by taxonomists. No source consulted for this article confirms the specific person or event behind the name, and none is invented here. The genus Cynotilapia (Regan, 1922) is defined by unicuspid, dog-like teeth, distinguishing it from the bicuspid- or tricuspid-toothed mbuna genera that dominate Lake Malawi's rocky shore.

Morphology

No published morphometric or colour description exists specifically for "Deep Skov". It should carry the genus's diagnostic single row of unicuspid teeth in each jaw and the compact, moderately elongate body typical of small Cynotilapia. Because Three Peaks Reef also hosts a second documented Cynotilapia colour form, sp. "Zebra Deep", the two are presumably distinguishable in the field by colour pattern, but the specific pattern that sets "Deep Skov" apart has not been documented in the sources available here. Genus-typical size for small Cynotilapia runs to roughly 3–3.5 in total length, males larger than females.

Habitat

Three Peaks Reef lies in the southern portion of Lake Malawi and supports at least two named Cynotilapia colour forms at depth — sp. "Deep Skov" and sp. "Zebra Deep" — a pattern consistent with the lake's characteristic fine-grained mbuna speciation, in which a single reef can host multiple closely related but visually distinct populations partitioned by microhabitat or depth. The "Deep" qualifier places this form below the shallow snorkel-depth zone most rock-dwelling mbuna occupy, likely in the range of roughly 49–115 ft based on comparable deep-water mbuna records elsewhere in the lake, though no formal depth survey has been published for this specific population. Water chemistry follows Lake Malawi's standard rocky littoral profile — warm, alkaline, and well-buffered.

Feeding

Cynotilapia's diagnostic unicuspid "dog-tooth" dentition sets its feeding apart from the bicuspid- or tricuspid-toothed mbuna that scrape tightly bound algal turf off rock. Instead, Cynotilapia species pick loose diatoms, filamentous algae, and fine detritus from rock and sand surfaces. "Deep Skov" is presumed to follow this genus-wide pattern; at the depth this population occupies, light-limited algal growth is likely thinner than in the shallow reef zone, which may push it toward a somewhat greater reliance on picked detritus and small invertebrates, though this has not been directly studied for this form.

Mating

No breeding behaviour has been documented specifically for "Deep Skov". The genus follows the standard mbuna pattern seen throughout Lake Malawi's rocky shore: mature males establish and defend a small territory, often no more than a patch of rock or a shaded crevice, and display to passing females in breeding colour rather than building a nest or bower. Cynotilapia territories tend to be smaller and less fiercely contested than those of larger mbuna genera such as Maylandia or Petrotilapia. Courtship follows the typical haplochromine sequence: a receptive female circles a displaying male's territory and spawns with him over open substrate.

Breeding

As in every Lake Malawi haplochromine, reproduction is by maternal mouthbrooding. The female takes fertilised eggs into her mouth immediately after spawning and carries them, without feeding normally, until the fry are large enough to be released as free-swimming young; the male provides no further care. Clutch sizes in small Cynotilapia species are modest, typically a few dozen eggs, and the brooding period runs roughly three to four weeks in the genus generally. None of these specifics have been confirmed for the Three Peaks Reef population itself, so the figures given here are genus-typical expectations rather than documented measurements.

In the aquarium

"Deep Skov" reaches the hobby only occasionally, given both the narrow reef it comes from and the greater difficulty of collecting fish from depth compared with shallow reef mbuna. Where it is kept, standard small-mbuna husbandry applies: abundant rockwork arranged into caves and broken sightlines, a sand substrate, and water matching Lake Malawi's rocky zone — alkaline, well-buffered (pH roughly 7.7–8.6), and warm (75–82 °F). A tank of at least 39.5–47 in footprint suits a group kept as one male with several females, since male aggression, while milder in this genus than in many mbuna, is still present. Diet should lean vegetable, with a spirulina-based flake or pellet supplemented sparingly by small invertebrates, and fatty, protein-heavy foods avoided given the genus's general susceptibility to Malawi bloat.

Conservation

"Deep Skov" has not been evaluated by the IUCN and, as an undescribed form with no formal scientific name, carries no Red List status — an absence of assessment, not a statement of safety. The documented range is limited to a single reef in the southern lake, and depth alone does not shield a population from over-collection pressure specific to the aquarium trade, since deep mbuna forms attract targeted collecting precisely because of their rarity. No specific population threat has been documented for this form, but its narrow known range is grounds for caution in how heavily the reef is collected.

Common questions

Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov": how big does it get?
Up to 3.5 in total length (TL).
Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov": what water temperature does it need?
The atlas records 75–82 °F for this species.
Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov": what water chemistry suits it?
pH 7.7–8.6, general hardness (GH) up to 25 °dH.
Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov": where does it come from?
It is recorded from Malawi.

In a guide: Lake Malawi mbuna

On a list: Hard and alkaline water fish

Biotope tank mates

Atlas fish recorded from the same waters, whose recorded temperature and pH ranges overlap this one’s and whose adults are within twice its size. A shortlist to research, not a stocking plan: temperament, territory and diet are not checked. Other genera only, since cichlids of one genus can hybridise in captivity.

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Cynotilapia (Konings-based species database; Malawi genus overview)
  2. Konings, A. — Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat (Cichlid Press; depth-partitioned mbuna ecomorphs)
  3. Cichlid Room Companion — Cynotilapia (genus profile)
  4. The ETYFish Project — Cichlidae (Pseudocrenilabrinae a-g): Cynotilapia etymology

Last reviewed 2026-10-05.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/cynotilapia-sp-deep-skov/

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Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
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