Cynotilapia sp. "Zebra Deep"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size3.5 in8.5 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardness (GH)very hardup to 446 ppm
Depth49–115 ft15–35 m
DietPicks loose diatoms, filamentous algae, and fine detritus from rock and sand using the genus's diagnostic unicuspid teeth, rather than scraping bound algal turf.
Breedingmaternal mouthbroodera few dozen eggs (genus-typical)
Sexual dimorphismYesMales show the blue, black-barred "zebra" pattern named in the trade name, with fuller expression and brighter fin edging than females; the specific female pattern is not documented.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardnessvery hardup to 446 ppm

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium40-gallon breeder36 × 18 × 17 in · 40 gal (151 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Cynotilapia sp. "Zebra Deep" is an undescribed mbuna recorded from Three Peaks Reef in the southern part of Lake Malawi, one of at least two distinct Cynotilapia colour forms documented from that single reef alongside Cynotilapia sp. "Deep Skov". "Zebra" in Cynotilapia trade nomenclature conventionally denotes a blue body crossed with black vertical bars, the pattern that gives the well documented C. sp. "Chinyankwazi" form its resemblance to Maylandia (formerly Pseudotropheus) zebra; "Deep" marks this as a population collected below the shallow reef zone most rock-dwelling mbuna occupy.

What's in the name

Cynotilapia sp. "Zebra Deep"sy-no-tih-LAY-pee-ah, form "ZEE-bra deep"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Cynotilapia
  • kyon / kynosGreekdog — for the genus's unusual unicuspid, canine-like teeth
  • Tilapiagenus name, via Tswana thiapea cichlid genus name widely used as a root for African cichlid genera
"Zebra Deep"
  • Zebrainformal (English)conventional trade term for a blue, black-vertically-barred pattern, shared with Maylandia zebra
  • Deepinformal (English)denotes a population collected below the shallow reef zone typical for this genus. As an undescribed form it has no formal species name.

Taxonomy & naming

Cynotilapia sp. "Zebra Deep" has never been formally described, has no describing author or publication date, and does not appear under a validated name in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. "Zebra" is used informally within Cynotilapia trade nomenclature for forms with a blue, black-vertically-barred pattern — the same term applied to the well documented C. sp. "Chinyankwazi" form, whose coloration Ad Konings has described as almost identical to that of Maylandia (formerly Pseudotropheus) zebra. "Deep" further marks this as a population collected below the shallow reef zone typical of most documented mbuna. Three Peaks Reef also hosts a second named Cynotilapia colour form, sp. "Deep Skov", a pattern of multiple congeneric forms partitioning a single reef that is characteristic of Lake Malawi's fine-grained mbuna speciation.

Morphology

The colour cue carried in this form's own name is a blue, black-vertically-barred ("zebra") pattern, comparable to that documented for C. sp. "Chinyankwazi" elsewhere in the lake, though the specific bar count and shade recorded at Three Peaks Reef have not been published in the sources available for this article. It should carry the genus's diagnostic single row of unicuspid, dog-like teeth in each jaw and the compact, moderately elongate body typical of small Cynotilapia. Genus-typical size runs to roughly 3–3.5 in total length, males larger than females.

Habitat

Three Peaks Reef lies in the southern portion of Lake Malawi and supports at least two named Cynotilapia colour forms — sp. "Zebra Deep" and sp. "Deep Skov" — a pattern consistent with the lake's characteristic fine-grained mbuna speciation, in which a single reef can host multiple closely related but visually distinct populations partitioned by microhabitat or depth. "Zebra Deep" is recorded below the shallow snorkel-depth zone most rock-dwelling mbuna occupy, likely in the range of roughly 49–115 ft based on comparable deep-water mbuna records elsewhere in the lake, though no formal depth survey has been published for this specific population. Water chemistry follows Lake Malawi's standard rocky littoral profile — warm, hard, and strongly alkaline.

Feeding

Cynotilapia's diagnostic unicuspid "dog-tooth" dentition sets its feeding apart from most other mbuna, which use closely packed bicuspid or tricuspid teeth to scrape tightly bound algal turf directly off rock. Cynotilapia species instead pick loose diatoms, filamentous algae, and fine organic detritus from rock and sand surfaces. "Zebra Deep" is presumed to follow this genus-wide pattern; at the depth this population occupies, light-limited algal growth is likely thinner than in the shallow reef zone, which may push it toward a somewhat greater reliance on picked detritus and small invertebrates, though this has not been directly studied for this form.

Mating

No breeding behaviour has been documented specifically for "Zebra Deep". The genus follows the standard mbuna pattern seen throughout Lake Malawi's rocky shore: mature males establish and defend a small territory, often no more than a patch of rock or a shaded crevice, and display to passing females in breeding colour rather than building a nest. Cynotilapia territories tend to be smaller and less fiercely contested than those of larger mbuna genera such as Maylandia or Petrotilapia. Courtship follows the typical haplochromine sequence, with a receptive female circling a displaying male and spawning with him over open substrate.

Breeding

As in every Lake Malawi haplochromine, reproduction is by maternal mouthbrooding. The female takes fertilised eggs into her mouth immediately after spawning and carries them, without feeding normally, until the fry are large enough to be released as free-swimming young; the male provides no further care. Clutch sizes in small Cynotilapia species are modest, typically a few dozen eggs, and the brooding period runs roughly three to four weeks in the genus generally. None of these specifics have been confirmed for the Three Peaks Reef population itself, so the figures given here are genus-typical expectations rather than documented measurements.

In the aquarium

"Zebra Deep" reaches the hobby only occasionally, given both the narrow reef it comes from and the greater difficulty of collecting fish from depth compared with shallow reef mbuna. Where it is kept, standard small-mbuna husbandry applies: abundant rockwork arranged into caves and broken sightlines, a sand substrate, and water matching Lake Malawi's rocky zone — hard, strongly alkaline (pH roughly 7.7–8.6), and warm (75–82 °F). A tank of at least 39.5–47 in footprint suits a group kept as one male with several females, since male aggression, while milder in this genus than in many mbuna, is still present. Diet should lean vegetable, a spirulina-based flake or pellet supplemented sparingly with small invertebrates, with fatty, protein-heavy foods avoided given the genus's general susceptibility to Malawi bloat.

Conservation

"Zebra Deep" has not been evaluated by the IUCN and, as an undescribed form with no formal scientific name, carries no Red List status — an absence of assessment, not a statement of safety. The documented range is limited to a single reef in the southern lake, and depth alone does not shield a population from over-collection pressure specific to the aquarium trade, since deep mbuna forms attract targeted collecting precisely because of their rarity. No specific population threat has been documented for this form, but its narrow known range is grounds for caution in how heavily the reef is collected.

In a guide: Lake Malawi mbuna

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Cynotilapia (Konings-based species database; Malawi genus overview)
  2. Konings, A. — Cichlids Yearbook, Volume 2 (Cichlid Press; "zebra"-patterned Cynotilapia forms and their resemblance to Maylandia zebra)
  3. Cichlid Room Companion — Cynotilapia (genus profile)

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Cynotilapia sp. "Zebra Deep". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/cynotilapia-sp-zebra-deep/

Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
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