Pseudotropheus sp. "Lucerna North"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size4 in10 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardness (GH)very hardup to 446 ppm
Depth10–49 ft3–15 m
DietAlgae grazer (aufwuchs), scraping the algal mat and associated microfauna from rock surfaces (genus-typical Pseudotropheus)
Breedingmaternal mouthbroodernot documented for this form; expected modest (a few dozen eggs), genus-typical
Sexual dimorphismMinimalNo sexual dimorphism documented for this specific population.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardnessvery hardup to 446 ppm

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium75-gallon48 × 18 × 21 in · 75 gal (284 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Pseudotropheus sp. "Lucerna North" is an undescribed mbuna cichlid recorded from Lupingu on the Tanzanian shore of Lake Malawi, the northernmost recorded population in the "lucerna" trade complex. The same Lupingu reef also produces an unrelated large-bodied trade form catalogued elsewhere in this atlas under Maylandia, underlining how many distinct undescribed cichlids this single stretch of northern shoreline supports. This form has never been given a formal scientific description; no authority, IUCN status, or FishBase entry should be attached to it.

What's in the name

Pseudotropheus sp. "Lucerna North"SOO-doh-TROH-fee-us, form "loo-SUR-nah north"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Pseudotropheus
  • pseudoGreekfalse
  • trophisGreekwell-fed or nourishing — together, a name distinguishing the genus from Tropheus
"Lucerna North"
  • Lucernainformal trade namea name element shared by a small group of related Pseudotropheus-group trade forms; precise origin not confirmed in the sources available to us
  • Northinformal (English)for its position as the northernmost recorded population in the Lucerna trade complex. As an undescribed form it has no formal species name.

Taxonomy & naming

Pseudotropheus sp. "Lucerna North" is an informal, undescribed taxon: it has no describing author, no publication date, and no entry in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. The trade name follows the usual pattern for undescribed mbuna — genus, "sp." to mark it as unnamed, then a descriptive tag combining a shared complex label with a locality or colour qualifier. "Lucerna" is used in the aquarium trade and field literature as a name element for a small number of related Pseudotropheus-group forms, including populations separately documented in this atlas as "Lucerna Blue Mozambique" and "Lucerna Blue Tanzania"; its precise origin and the exact relationship between these populations are not well documented in the sources available to us, and this article does not assert a confirmed identification beyond noting the shared trade convention. A formally described Pseudotropheus lucerna also exists in this atlas's records, but no confirmed link between that species and this trade complex is established here. "North" distinguishes this Lupingu, Tanzania record as the northernmost population carrying the Lucerna tag, set against "Lucerna Blue Mozambique" and "Lucerna Blue Tanzania," both recorded further south and closer to the central lake. Lupingu itself is a well-collected reef: this atlas separately documents a large-bodied "Kingsizei Lupingu" trade form from the same locality, catalogued under the genus Maylandia — a reminder that a single reef in Lake Malawi can support several distinct, unrelated undescribed cichlids at once.

Morphology

This form follows the standard Pseudotropheus body plan: a moderately elongate, laterally compressed body with the robust, specialised dentition — an outer row of bicuspid or unicuspid teeth over inner rows of tricuspid teeth — used across the genus to graze algae from rock surfaces. Its trade name does not itself specify a colour or pattern trait beyond the shared "Lucerna" tag and its northern locality, and no detailed published colour account exists specific to this population. Size is not separately documented for this form and is presumed to sit within the genus-typical Pseudotropheus range of roughly 3–4.5 in.

Habitat

Pseudotropheus sp. "Lucerna North" is recorded from Lupingu, on Lake Malawi's Tanzanian shore near the lake's northern end. Like other Pseudotropheus, it is expected to hold territory in the shallow-to-intermediate rocky zone typical of the genus, among boulders and crevices rather than open sand. No dedicated depth record has been published for this population, so the ranges given here follow the genus-typical envelope. Water conditions match Lake Malawi's standard littoral profile: warm, hard, and strongly alkaline.

Feeding

As with other Pseudotropheus, this form is expected to be a specialised algae grazer, rasping the aufwuchs mat — filamentous algae, diatoms, cyanobacteria and associated small invertebrates — from rock surfaces using the genus's typical dentition. No feeding study specific to this Lupingu population has been published, but this diet is close to universal across rock-dwelling Pseudotropheus and closely related mbuna genera. The same reef also supports the much larger "Kingsizei Lupingu" trade form catalogued elsewhere in this atlas, and body-size differences of that kind between cichlids sharing a single reef typically translate into different feeding territories and bite forces even where the underlying aufwuchs diet is broadly similar, though no comparative study of the two forms has been published.

Mating

Breeding in this genus is polygynous, with territorial males holding rock or crevice sites and displaying to passing females rather than forming lasting pair bonds. Courtship is expected to follow the standard haplochromine pattern documented across Pseudotropheus: a male performs a quivering lateral display to a visiting female, and his anal-fin egg-spots draw her to peck at them after she has deposited her own eggs, fertilising the clutch she is already holding in her mouth. No courtship account specific to this population has been published.

Breeding

Pseudotropheus sp. "Lucerna North" is presumed to be a maternal mouthbrooder, as are all Pseudotropheus. Following courtship, the female is expected to take the fertilised eggs into her mouth and brood them alone through to free-swimming fry, with no paternal care. No clutch data have been published for this specific form; the better-documented, similarly sized Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos produces clutches on the order of 10 to 30 eggs, brooded for roughly 18 to 21 days without feeding, and this Lupingu population is presumed to fall in a broadly similar range, though that remains an inference by genus analogy rather than a measured count for this form itself.

In the aquarium

"Lucerna North" is a niche form with limited hobbyist documentation, generally sought by keepers specifically wanting a Lupingu-provenance Pseudotropheus rather than a mainstream mbuna. Standard genus husbandry applies: dense rockwork with broken sightlines and more territories than the tank's male population, hard alkaline water, and a vegetable-leaning, algae-based diet to avoid the bloat risk common in over-fed rift-lake grazers. Because Lupingu also produces the unrelated "Kingsizei Lupingu" trade form, buyers should verify which fish they are actually purchasing rather than relying on locality alone.

Conservation

Pseudotropheus sp. "Lucerna North" has no IUCN Red List assessment, because it has never been formally described and has no valid scientific name available to be assessed. As a rock-restricted mbuna tied to a specific stretch of the Tanzanian shore, it faces the general pressures common to Lake Malawi's mbuna community, but no dedicated population data exists to characterise its actual conservation status. Lupingu is an active collection point for the aquarium trade, evidenced by the other named trade forms recorded there, which is worth noting as a real, if unquantified, pressure specific to this reef even though no population count exists to say whether it is currently sustainable.

In a guide: Lake Malawi mbuna

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Pseudotropheus species and locality database
  2. Cichlid Room Companion — genus Pseudotropheus
  3. Konings, A. — Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat (Cichlid Press)

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Pseudotropheus sp. "Lucerna North". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/pseudotropheus-sp-lucerna-north/

Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
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