Genus Tropheops

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba Blue"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size4.5 in12 cm total length
Temperature73–82 °F23–28 °C
pH7.7–8.8alkaline
Hardness (GH)very hardup to 446 ppm
Depth33–131 ft10–40 m
DietAlgae grazer (aufwuchs), rasping the algal mat from rock; likely a thinner deep-water mat than shallow-dwelling Tropheops, consistent with the group's big-eyed, low-light adaptation
Breedingmaternal mouthbroodernot documented for this form; genus-typical, on the order of a few dozen eggs
Sexual dimorphismYesDominant males reported blue, in line with the described Tropheops macrophthalmus (metallic blue to lavender males, yellow-to-ochre females); not independently confirmed for this population.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature73.4–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.8alkaline
Hardnessvery hardup to 446 ppm

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium75-gallon48 × 18 × 21 in · 75 gal (284 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba Blue" is an undescribed mbuna from Chitimba Bay and nearby Gallireya Reef, on Lake Malawi's far northern Malawian shore. Its name places it in the "macrophthalmus" group — big-eyed Tropheops associated with deeper, dimmer-lit rocky habitat, a group that includes the formally described Tropheops macrophthalmus — and marks its dominant males as blue. It has no formal description of its own, and no authority, IUCN status, or FishBase entry should be attached to it.

What's in the name

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba Blue"TROH-fee-ops, form "mak-rof-THAL-mus chih-TIM-bah"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Tropheops
  • Tropheusotherthe genus Tropheus (Lake Tanganyika cichlids), which Tropheops superficially resembles in body shape and steep forehead through convergence, not kinship
  • opsGreekface, appearance
"Macrophthalmus Chitimba Blue"
  • makrosGreeklarge
  • ophthalmosGreekeye — together, "large-eyed," the epithet of the formally described Tropheops macrophthalmus, referenced here for the shared big-eyed, deep-water body plan
  • Chitimba Blueinformal (English/place name)Chitimba Bay, the type locality, and the blue colour of dominant males. As an undescribed form it has no formal species name.

Taxonomy & naming

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba Blue" is not itself a formally described species: no authority, no publication date, no entry under a validated name in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. Its name references "macrophthalmus" — Greek for "large-eyed" — the epithet of the formally described Tropheops macrophthalmus (Trewavas, 1935), a northern-lake species associated with deeper, dimmer rocky habitat where enlarged eyes aid foraging in reduced light. This form's use of the same descriptor signals that it shares that big-eyed, deep-water-adapted body plan, not that it is confirmed to be the same species: several Tropheops populations around the lake carry "macrophthalmus"-type field labels at their own localities without formal confirmation of identity, and this Chitimba-area population, distinguished further by blue male colour, is one of them. Its precise relationship to the described T. macrophthalmus has not been resolved by any published study.

Morphology

As the "macrophthalmus" name signals, this form is expected to show disproportionately large eyes relative to a typical shallow-water Tropheops, an adaptation associated with the deeper, lower-light habitat this group favours, alongside the genus's standard short, deep-bodied profile and downturned grazing mouth. The "Blue" in its name is a documented colour claim: dominant males are reported blue, in line with the pattern seen in the described T. macrophthalmus, whose males run metallic blue to lavender with darker barring while females are plainer yellow to ochre. No separate morphometric study exists for this specific population. Size is estimated close to the described species, around 4.5 in TL for males, though this figure is not independently confirmed for the Chitimba form.

Habitat

Chitimba Bay and Gallireya Reef lie on Lake Malawi's far northern Malawian shore, near the base of the Livingstonia escarpment — consistent with the documented northern range of the described Tropheops macrophthalmus. The "Deep" note attached to the Chitimba Bay record and the big-eyed build implied by the "macrophthalmus" name both point to a population working notably deeper rocky habitat than a typical shallow-water Tropheops, likely in the range of 33–131 ft documented for the genus's deeper-adapted forms. Water chemistry follows the lake's standard warm, hard, alkaline profile. Populations adapted to this deeper, dimmer band of the reef typically show reduced algal cover compared with the shallow littoral, which is part of why big-eyed, low-light-adapted mbuna like the macrophthalmus group are thought to have evolved in the first place — better vision compensating for a thinner, patchier food resource.

Feeding

Tropheops as a genus rasps the algal mat (aufwuchs) from rock using a steep, downturned mouth, and this form is presumed to feed the same way. Algal productivity falls with depth, so a genuinely deep-dwelling population of this type may graze a thinner mat than shallow-water Tropheops, an expectation consistent with the group's big-eyed, low-light adaptation, though no feeding study specific to this population has been published. Feeding-bone studies across the genus (Conith et al. 2020, BMC Evolutionary Biology) show that jaw and pharyngeal shape shift measurably with the depth and angle a population feeds at, evidence that Tropheops as a whole sits under real selective pressure to specialise its grazing posture reef by reef. Aufwuchs itself is not pure algae: it is a mixed mat of diatoms, filamentous algae, cyanobacteria, and the small invertebrates living within it, so even a strict grazer takes in a meaningful amount of animal protein incidentally. Feeding territories in this genus double as spawning sites, which is why males defend them so persistently against both feeding competitors and rival suitors.

Mating

Breeding is presumed to follow the standard Tropheops pattern of territorial, polygynous males in nuptial blue colour displaying from a patch of rock to visiting females. No behavioural account specific to this population has been documented. Because neighbouring Tropheops populations at different reefs often carry visually distinct male colours despite being difficult to separate by body shape alone, colour is thought to function as a mate-recognition cue that limits hybridisation between look-alike forms — a pattern documented across the mbuna radiation generally and one reason Malawi cichlid taxonomy leans so heavily on live colour photographs from the collection site. Male aggression toward rival Tropheops, including toward similarly coloured intruders of other genera, is a defining feature of life on a crowded reef, and much of a dominant male's energy budget goes into defending his patch of rock rather than foraging widely.

Breeding

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba Blue" is presumed to be a maternal mouthbrooder, as are all Tropheops, with the female carrying eggs in her mouth for roughly three to four weeks before releasing free-swimming fry and no further role for the male. Clutch size has not been documented for this form. Tropheops gracilior, the best-studied species in the genus, is documented brooding for about 25 days, a figure used across the genus as a working benchmark in the absence of species-specific data. The brooding female typically stops feeding almost entirely for most of this period, drawing on stored reserves, and will hold the clutch in her mouth even under stress before finally releasing free-swimming fry that are already capable of independent feeding. Tropheops in general breed readily once established in captivity, which is part of why locality-specific forms have proliferated in the hobby even without formal descriptions to back them.

In the aquarium

This is a locality-specific, deep-collected Tropheops form of interest chiefly to specialist keepers rather than a mainstream offering. Where kept, it follows the standard mbuna template: dense rockwork with broken sightlines, a tank of at least 47 in, and enough females per territorial male to spread aggression. Water should be warm, hard, and strongly alkaline. Diet should remain predominantly vegetable-based — spirulina flake or pellet with occasional blanched greens — to avoid the elevated Malawi bloat risk that high-protein feeding causes in grazing mbuna. Because this form shares body plan and general colour with other "macrophthalmus"-type Tropheops around the lake, keepers wanting a genuine Chitimba line should be careful about provenance.

Conservation

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba Blue" has no IUCN Red List assessment: it has never been formally described and has no valid scientific name to assess. This reflects its taxonomic status, not its population health. As a deep-water mbuna tied to a specific stretch of the far northern lake, it faces the general pressures on Lake Malawi's ornamental cichlids, though the depth at which it lives likely offers some buffer against shallow-reef disturbance; no dedicated population study exists for this form. Deep-water mbuna of this kind are generally harder and more expensive to collect than shallow reef fish, which likely limits aquarium-trade pressure on this population specifically compared with more accessible shallow-water Tropheops elsewhere in the lake.

In a guide: Lake Malawi mbuna

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Tropheops species and collection-point database
  2. Cichlid Room Companion — genus Tropheops
  3. Konings, A. — Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat (Cichlid Press)
  4. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (Fricke, Eschmeyer & Van der Laan, eds., CAS) — searched: no valid name for the undescribed "Macrophthalmus Chitimba Blue" form

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba Blue". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/tropheops-sp-macrophthalmus-chitimba-blue/

Where it has been recorded

2 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 2
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