Genus Tropheops

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size4.5 in11 cm total length
Temperature73–81 °F23–27 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardness (GH)very hardup to 446 ppm
Depth33–82 ft10–25 m
DietAlgae grazer, scraping aufwuchs from rock surfaces; likely takes proportionally more drifting plankton and detritus at depth as algal growth thins
Breedingmaternal mouthbroodernot documented for this form; expected modest, a few dozen eggs, by analogy with similarly sized Tropheops
Sexual dimorphismYesSexual dichromatism expected as in other Tropheops, with males more saturated; the specific colour pattern of this population has not been documented in independently published sources.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature73.4–80.6 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardnessvery hardup to 446 ppm

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium75-gallon48 × 18 × 21 in · 75 gal (284 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba" is an undescribed, deep-water mbuna recorded from the deeper reaches of Chitimba Bay on the far northern shore of Lake Malawi. The trade name ties it to Tropheops macrophthalmus, the described "big-eye" Tropheops of the northern lake, and flags the same enlarged-eye trait in a population collected specifically from depth. Whether it represents the same species at the edge of its depth range or a genuinely distinct form is unresolved; it is carried as a separate provisional label pending closer comparison. It has no authority, no publication year, no FishBase number, and no IUCN assessment.

What's in the name

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba"TROH-fee-ops mak-rof-THAL-mus, form "chi-TIM-bah"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Tropheops
  • TropheusGreek (via genus name)referencing the Lake Tanganyika cichlid genus Tropheus, from Greek trophe, "nourishment"
  • opsGreekface, appearance — "Tropheus-faced"
"Macrophthalmus"
  • makrosGreeklarge
  • ophthalmosGreekeye — together "large-eyed," borrowed from the epithet of the described species Tropheops macrophthalmus, which this trade name references
"Chitimba"
  • Chitimbaplace nameChitimba Bay, the northern Malawi locality where this deep-water population was collected. As an undescribed form it has no formal Latin epithet

Taxonomy & naming

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba" has no formal scientific name, no describing author, and no entry in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. The trade label combines the specific epithet of the described species Tropheops macrophthalmus — Ahl, 1926, originally as Pseudotropheus macrophthalmus, from the Greek for "large eye" — with the collection site, Chitimba Bay, and a depth qualifier used by collectors to separate it from shallower fish at the same bay. Konings' field notes on T. macrophthalmus itself mention a distinctive "Chitimba Blue" population photographed in the deeper part of the bay, and this form is closely associated with that population or one very like it. Whether Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba" is properly conspecific with the described T. macrophthalmus, a deep-water ecotype of it, or a separate lineage has not been settled, and it is treated here strictly as an undescribed trade form rather than a synonym of the named species.

Morphology

Body plan follows the genus: compact and laterally compressed, with the steep forehead and blunt, comb-toothed mouth typical of Tropheops grazers. The defining feature carried in the name is eye size — a large eye relative to head length, the same trait that gives the described Tropheops macrophthalmus its epithet. Enlarged eyes are a recurring adaptation among Lake Malawi rock cichlids collected from deeper, dimmer water, where more of the available light needs to be gathered for the fish to forage and interact effectively; a Chitimba Bay population collected specifically from depth fits that pattern. Male colouration has not been documented in enough detail in the sources available here to describe confidently; as in other Tropheops, dominant males are expected to carry the more saturated pattern, with females and non-breeding fish plainer. No independently published, form-specific colour account exists for this population.

Habitat

This form is known only from Chitimba Bay, a sheltered bay on the Malawian shore near the northern end of the lake, and specifically from its deeper water rather than the shallow rock and sand at the bay's margins. Chitimba Bay has produced several distinct locality forms across genera — a pattern typical of the North Malawi coast, where isolated bays and reefs separated by open sand or deep water each accumulate their own mbuna populations. Depth is the key habitat variable for this particular form: it sits in the dimmer, cooler lower reaches of the bay rather than the sunlit shallow rock used by most Tropheops, which is consistent with the enlarged-eye trait in its name. Water conditions otherwise follow the Lake Malawi norm — warm, hard, and strongly alkaline — though the deeper water it occupies runs somewhat cooler and dimmer than the shallow littoral used by most of the genus.

Feeding

Tropheops as a genus are specialised aufwuchs grazers, using dense rows of comb-like teeth to scrape the algae-and-diatom film from sunlit rock. Algal productivity falls off with depth as light becomes limiting, so a population established in the deeper part of Chitimba Bay likely forages on thinner, more shade-tolerant algal turf than shallow-water Tropheops, and may take a proportionally larger share of drifting plankton and detritus when algal growth is sparse — a flexibility documented in other deep-collected Tropheops forms. No feeding study specific to this population has been published, and this account follows the well-established genus pattern rather than direct observation.

Mating

No dedicated behavioural study exists for this form. Tropheops generally follow a territorial, lek-like mating system: dominant males hold and defend small patches of rock, displaying breeding colour to attract passing females, with no pair bond. In deeper-water Tropheops populations, territories are typically more diffuse than in the crowded shallow littoral, simply because there is less competition for space at depth — a pattern reported for other deep-collected mbuna forms, though not documented specifically for this population.

Breeding

As in all Lake Malawi haplochromines, reproduction is by maternal mouthbrooding. After spawning at the male's territory, the female takes the fertilised eggs into her mouth and broods them for roughly three to four weeks before releasing free-swimming fry, with no paternal involvement beyond courtship and fertilisation. Clutch size has not been documented for this specific form; by analogy with similarly sized Tropheops, a modest clutch of a few dozen eggs is a reasonable expectation.

In the aquarium

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba" reaches the hobby only occasionally, through specialist importers working the north Malawi coast, and is a fish for an established Tropheops keeper rather than a first mbuna. As with other deep-collected forms, newly imported fish can be sensitive to bright, harsh aquarium lighting; a tank with some shaded rockwork and moderate lighting is a reasonable accommodation, at least while the fish settles.

Water should mirror the lake: hard, alkaline, and stable, with a pH in the high 7s to mid 8s and temperature in the mid-20s Celsius. A rock-dominated aquascape with distinct piles and clear sightlines between them, on a base of fine sand, suits the genus generally. Diet should stay vegetable-forward — a spirulina-based flake or pellet as the staple — since high-protein diets are strongly linked to the digestive disorder hobbyists call Malawi bloat in mbuna. Given how easily Tropheops trade forms are confused, and how little independent documentation exists for this one, keepers intending to preserve a clean line should source only from dealers who can vouch for Chitimba Bay provenance.

Conservation

Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba" has not been evaluated by the IUCN and, as an undescribed form, carries no Red List status of any kind. Its known range is limited to the deeper water of a single bay, which — if the population is genuinely distinct rather than simply the deep end of a wider-ranging species — would make it a tightly localised endemic and correspondingly vulnerable to concentrated collecting or to habitat disturbance within that one bay. No formal conservation status should be assumed pending taxonomic clarification.

In a guide: Lake Malawi mbuna

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Konings-based Lake Malawi cichlid species and locality database
  2. Cichlid Room Companion — Malawi cichlid genus and undescribed-form references (Ad Konings, curator)
  3. Konings, A. — Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat (Cichlid Press)

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Tropheops sp. "Macrophthalmus Chitimba". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/tropheops-sp-macrophthalmus-chitimba/

Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
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