Copadichromis sp. "Mloto Goldcrest"

CARESNOT LISTED
Scientific size5 in13 cm total length
Temperature75–82 °F24–28 °C
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardness (GH)slightly hardup to 179 ppm
Depth66–131 ft20–40 m
DietOpen-water zooplanktivore (utaka)
Breedingmaternal mouthbrooder; bower-buildingnot documented for this population or the wider complex; likely a few dozen eggs, genus-typical for a utaka of this size
Sexual dimorphismYesNot documented in exhaustive detail for this population, but the trade name follows the same descriptive convention as 'Fire-Crest Mloto' and 'Ivory Head Mloto,' pointing to a gold-toned marking, likely on the dorsal fin, in breeding males; females are expected to remain plain silvery-grey per the wider mloto pattern.
PhotographsSee photosGoogle Images →
For the aquarist

Replicate this biotopei

Target water

Temperature75.2–82.4 °F
pH7.7–8.6alkaline
Hardnessslightly hardup to 179 ppm

Recommended tank

Standard aquarium75-gallon48 × 18 × 21 in · 75 gal (284 L)

Aquascape & setup

Hard, alkaline, well-buffered water of the kind that defines Lake Malawi — stability matters more than chasing a single number.

Build the hardscape first: stacked rock with caves, crevices and sight-lines breaks up territories the way a rocky shoreline does in the wild. Open swimming room, bright light and strong, well-oxygenated flow round it out. A fine sand bed reads as natural and is kind to digging mouths.

Biotope tankmates

Other fish recorded from Lake Malawi, of broadly compatible size — a starting shortlist, not a stocking plan. Always check temperament and territory before mixing.

Hybridization watchi

Copadichromis sp. "Mloto Goldcrest" is an undescribed utaka documented from Makonde, on the Tanzanian shore of Lake Malawi. Its trade name follows the same descriptive pattern as "Fire-Crest Mloto" and "Ivory Head Mloto" — trade tags built on Copadichromis mloto, a species whose true identity went unconfirmed for nearly sixty years and was only resolved by genomic study in 2023. Whether this Makonde population is Copadichromis mloto itself, or one of the several related trade forms that recent research flagged as possibly undescribed, is not established.

What's in the name

Copadichromis sp. "Mloto Goldcrest"koh-pad-ih-KROH-miss MLOH-toh, "GOHLD-krest"

Descriptive nameA descriptive epithet — neither an eponym nor a place name.
Copadichromis
  • kopas, kopadosGreeka swarm or shoal of fish
  • chromisGreeka perch-like fish name dating to Aristotle, long used as the classic suffix for cichlid genera
"Mloto"
  • mlotoothera local (Chichewa/Tonga) common name for Copadichromis mloto among Lake Malawi fishermen, used by Iles for the species epithet and carried into several related trade names
"Goldcrest"
  • Goldcrestinformal (English)a descriptive trade qualifier following the pattern of the related 'Fire-Crest Mloto' form, likely pointing to a gold-toned marking on the dorsal fin

Taxonomy & naming

Copadichromis sp. "Mloto Goldcrest" is not a formally described species. Its trade name follows the naming pattern documented for the Copadichromis mloto complex, in which a colour or condition descriptor — "Fire-Crest," "Ivory Head" — is paired with "Mloto" to distinguish trade forms. Copadichromis mloto itself has an unusually tangled history: described by T. D. Iles in 1960 from Nkhata Bay, it went essentially unidentified in the field for almost six decades, confused with the very similar Copadichromis virginalis, until a 2023 whole-genome study by Turner and colleagues resolved the two species and explicitly noted that trade names including "Mloto Liuli" and other locality forms "may turn out to be undescribed relatives rather than Copadichromis mloto proper." "Goldcrest" is not one of the specific forms named in that study, but it follows the same descriptive convention closely enough to place this Makonde population within the same tangled complex rather than as an unrelated fish. This account treats it as its own undescribed entry rather than assuming it is Copadichromis mloto.

Morphology

This form is expected to share the slender, streamlined build documented across the mloto complex. Related trade forms range from about 4.5 in (the slender "Fire-Crest Mloto") to the nominal species’ maximum of roughly 5.5 in. Colour is the reason for the trade name: breeding males across the mloto complex turn dark blue-black over the body with a brilliant metallic-blue head and nape, and at least one related form carries a red-flushed dorsal-fin band; "Goldcrest" suggests a gold-toned marking, most plausibly on the dorsal fin, distinguishing this Makonde population from its "Fire-Crest" and "Ivory Head" relatives, though the precise pattern has not been documented in detail in the sources available here. Females and juveniles are expected to stay a plain, drab grey-beige, per the wider complex.

Habitat

The population is documented from Makonde, on the Tanzanian shore of Lake Malawi, in the far north of the lake. The wider Copadichromis mloto complex is unusually deep-dwelling, recorded from as shallow as about 59 ft down to well over 328 ft in trawl surveys, favouring open water and productive, well-mixed upper and middle depths rather than shallow littoral reef. If this population shares that ecology, it is a fish of open water and deeper reef rather than the shallow rock zone. Water conditions otherwise follow the lake-wide standard: warm, hard, and strongly alkaline.

Feeding

As a member of the mloto complex, this population is expected to be a specialist zooplanktivore, picking copepods and other small crustaceans from open water using the fast, protrusible mouth and dense array of gill rakers typical of Copadichromis. FishBase places the nominal Copadichromis mloto at a trophic level of roughly 3.4, the numerical signature of a planktivore rather than a predator on other fish. The complex is ecologically central to the lake’s plankton-driven food web and, in the case of the nominal species, commercially central to its fishery as one of the most heavily netted "true utaka." No feeding study specific to the Makonde population has been published.

Mating

Mating in the mloto complex follows a lek-like pattern in which males build shallow sand-bower craters and display from them in nuptial colour. Documented breeding depths for related forms run from around 75 ft off southern reefs to over 98 ft for the slender "Fire-Crest" form, suggesting this is generally a deep-breeding group rather than a shallow one — a pattern distinct from the many shallow-water mbuna and haps that breed within easy reach of snorkellers. That depth alone makes courtship in this complex far harder to observe directly than in most Malawi cichlids, and much of what is documented for related forms comes from technical divers working well past recreational limits. This population is expected to follow a similar pattern by analogy, though no observations specific to Makonde have been published.

Breeding

Copadichromis sp. "Mloto Goldcrest" is expected to be a maternal mouthbrooder, like the rest of the genus. After spawning at the male’s bower, the female takes the eggs into her mouth and, drawn to the egg-spot markings on his anal fin, takes in the milt that fertilises the clutch she already holds. She broods the eggs and fry alone before releasing free-swimming young, with no male role beyond spawning. Clutch size is not documented for this population or the wider complex; a modest brood of a few dozen eggs is expected for a utaka of this size.

In the aquarium

Copadichromis sp. "Mloto Goldcrest" is an uncommon, specialist fish in the trade, most likely to appear as a wild import collected at depth. Husbandry follows the general open-water utaka template: a tank of at least 59 in with generous swimming room, a sand substrate, and modest rock structure rather than dense cover. Water should be warm, hard, and strongly alkaline, matching the Lake Malawi standard. A single male with several females is the sensible stocking ratio, and diet should be varied, built around a quality pellet or flake plus frozen zooplankton-type foods. Because the mloto/virginalis complex is genuinely tangled, and several trade names within it may be undescribed relatives rather than the same fish, locality data from the importer is worth more than the label alone.

Conservation

Copadichromis sp. "Mloto Goldcrest" has not been evaluated by the IUCN and, as an undescribed form, has no Red List status of its own. Worth noting for context: the nominal Copadichromis mloto, to whose complex this form is presumably related, is currently assessed as Data Deficient with a decreasing population trend, downgraded from an earlier Least Concern rating in part because the mloto/virginalis complex is so poorly distinguished in fisheries catch data that its true status is essentially unmeasurable. It is heavily targeted by commercial trawl and beach-seine fishing for the food market. If this Makonde population is part of the same complex, it plausibly faces similar pressure; the honest summary for the population itself is that it is unassessed.

Sources

  1. malawi.si — Copadichromis species and locality-form database (Konings-based; distribution, biotope)
  2. Cichlid Room Companion — Copadichromis genus overview (Ad Konings, curator)
  3. Cichlid Room Companion — Copadichromis mloto (species profile; the related complex)
  4. Konings, A. — Malawi Cichlids in their Natural Habitat (Cichlid Press; foremost Malawi field authority)

Last reviewed 2026-07-23.

How to cite

Aquarist Atlas (2026). Copadichromis sp. "Mloto Goldcrest". Aquarist Atlas. https://www.aquaristatlas.com/species/copadichromis-sp-mloto-goldcrest/

Where it has been recorded

1 georeferenced records (GBIF). Each point is a field observation or museum specimen — pan and zoom to explore where this species turns up. The coordinates come straight from GBIF and are often rounded or tied to the nearest town or river landing, so a dot can sit just beside the actual water rather than in it; the fish aren't on dry land.

Literature occurrence: 1
← All species